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An analysis was made of solid particulate matter suspended in the air in the city of Cordoba. Particles greater than 10 micra were collected using volumetric particle samplers (Lanzoni VPPS 2000, Bologna, Italy), and analysed by means of aerobiological methods enabling identifi cation of the source of biological particulate material (BPM). Particles smaller than 10 micra were collected using automatic high-volume air samplers. Subsequent analysis showed that traffi c, and particularly diesel engine exhaust emissions, were the main source of non-biological particulate matter (nBPM). The dynamics of airborne BPM and nBPM were also studied over one year: although distribution patterns differed – BPM displaying marked seasonality and non-BPM exhibiting dependence on human activity – the curves ran parallel at certain times of the year. Statistical results point to the possible presence of plant residues on smaller particles. The occurrence of simultaneous peaks in airborne pollen-grain and PM10 counts suggests potential coadjuvant acivity, which may lead to high-risk situations for people with respiratory disease.
The Mediterranean Region is the major area devoted to olive tree crop, and therefore a study of olive flowering is of great interest for the European Community. On the other hand, olive pollen is one of the main causes of pollen allergy in the Mediterranean area. Olive flowering is affected by climatic factors such as temperature and photoperiod, which vary geographically in latitude and altitude. Temperature has been used to study those processes that lead to flowering in the olive tree. The aim of the present paper is firstly the comparison of the flowering full bloom dates in two Mediterranean areas, Sicily (Italy) and Cordoba (Spain), located in the same latitudinal band (37-38oN) and to calculate the heat requirement until flowering by determination of different threshold temperatures and methods of heat accumulation. A delay of the full flowering dates in the Spanish compared with the Italian olive groves was observed. The most suitable threshold temperatures were carried out in a 7-15oC range by considering the heat accumulation start on 1 January in each olive grove. In particular, some causes were indicated as responsible for the different threshold temperatures recorded in the 2 study areas: First, the different climatic conditions (continental and insular climate) secondly the different cultivars present in the olive groves.
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