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There has been a worldwide increase in the prevalence of allergy. Parasite infections may have a varied influence on the outcome of allergic reactions. Of particular interest is the possibility that helminth infections may lessen the intensity of allergy symptoms. This may occur due to the immune regulatory network evoked by helminthes decreasing allergy through the action of regulatory T lymphocytes and cytokines such as IL-10 and TGF-β. The authors of the article discuss the latest research results in this field as well as laboratory studies describing the phenomena. The article also describes multiple mechanisms which may be utilized by helminths to mediate the suppression of allergy, and which involve regulatory lymphocytes and cytokines, helminthic molecules and polyclonal IgE.
The influence of Heligmosomoides polygyrus on infection with Trichinella spiralis was studied in BALB/c mice. Mice coinfected with T. spiralis and previously given H. Polygyrus harboured both nematode species till day 34. The number of T. spiralis muscle larvae was greater in mice coinfected with H. polygyrus/T. spiralis or T. spiralis/H. polygyrus than after infection with T. spiralis alone. Infection with H. polygyrus did not enhance eosinophil and IL-5 levels induced by T. spiralis. Additionally, the production of IgG1 specific to LI T. spiralis was inhibited by co-infection. Changes in the levels of IFN-y and IgG2a implicated a disturbance in Th2 cell activation during protective response and resulted in the greater number of T. spiralis muscle larvae in coinfected mice.
Background: The length and the quality of life are determined by, among other things, environmental factors. The place of residence is associated with certain differences in nutritional culture, with food traditions and customs being of great importance. Also, the location of a given country in a specific climate zone has an impact on the choice of food products and their preparation. Objective: The aim of the study was to analyse eating behaviours among adult residents of Greece and Poland as well as to investigate to what extent these behaviours are impacted by the place of residence of respondents. Materials and methods: A total of 633 randomized respondents at the age of 50 or older (312 Greeks and 321 Poles) were included in the study. The author’s questionnaire was used in the research. Results: A total of 41.07% of respondents, including 31.09% of Greeks and 50.78% of Poles, declared having 4-5 meals per day. Fish was consumed 1-2 times a week by 29.27% of respondents, including 23.40% of Greeks and 15.26% of Poles. Whole wheat bread was consumed several times daily by 20.7% of respondents, including 19.55% of Greeks and 21.81% of Poles. Coarse groats and pasta were consumed a few times weekly by 23.06% of respondents, including 25.64% of Greeks and 20.56% of Poles. Conclusions: Eating behaviours in adult Poles and Greeks are varied, with healthier eating habits in the latter group. There are significant differences between the intake of food products rich in fibre and omega-3 fatty acids by residents of Greece and Poland.
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