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The main objectives of the article are connections between geomorphologic conditions and hydrogenous sites in the Kurpie-Mazurian outwash. The analysis of different kinds of connections allows to specify four hydroecologic systems referring to hydrological feeding types. The first system is connected with topogenous type of hydrological feeding widespread in outwash plains. Wetland areas mostly of the post lacustrine origin are situated in geomorphologically diversified, shallow melt-out depressions. The second system is connected with river valleys and with fluviogenous type of hydrological feeding. Fluvial processes significantly modify water conditions in the outwash. As a consequence of modification the movement of ground water increases and also hydrogenous sites diversify. The third system is connected with soligenous type of feeding. It is situated in the neighbourhood of dune areas. The last system of the hydrogenic sites is formed by ombrogenic type of hydrologic feeding. Those peatlands are usually situated in drainless depressions in dune areas and watersheds. The analysis of diversity of hydrogenous sites in the outwash area with relatively homogenous lithologic conditions indicates that prevailing topogenous type of hydrological feeding is transformed locally by the presence of dunes and rivers. Geomorphologie and hydrographic factors are very important in modification of water conditions as well as in formation of hydroecologic systems.
Experience from works on the natural basis of restoration concepts for five objects in the upper Narew valley are presented. Special attention was paid to verifying the initial aims due through field surveys. According to the assumptions, the restoration aim was to maintain and create habitats for valuable wetland and open water birds and to limit organic soil degradation. Presented examples show how many circumstances determine the final restoration concept e.g. adopted goal and direction of the restoration, economic and ownership determinants, use of the reclaimed areas, their transformation and a predicted effect the actions on the surrounding grounds. The authors described the study method applied to degraded wetlands and then, based on the investigation of each object, they verified their initial assumptions with respect to the directions and range of the restoration.
The research subject is the differentiation of plant communities and the preservation status of wet meadows of the Calthion palustris alliance at sites included in subsidy packages 4 and 5 of the agri-environmental scheme. The habitat was studied on 697 agri-environmental plots located in different areas of Poland. The obtained results show high differentiation of the plant communities, which could be considered as representative of the Calthion palustris alliance meadows in Poland. Disturbances in the habitat conditions were observed on most of the plots and they included: disappearance of characteristic species of the Calthion palustris alliance, encroachment of native, expansive species as well as desiccation of the habitat and the associated eutrophication, caused mostly by unidirectional land drainage systems. The study also attempted to determine the conservation prospects of the habitat considering measures implemented under the agri-environmental scheme.
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