Goldenhar syndrome (GS) is a well-recognised condition characterised by variable degree of uni- or bilateral involvement of craniofacial structures involving first and second branchial arches manifesting ocular and auricular anomalies and also vertebral defect. This syndrome presents at birth and its exact aetiology is still unknown. The affections of the neural crest cells may have some role in the multiple malformations of the GS. We present a teenaged female case who attended the Orthopaedic Outpatient Department to receive handicapped certificate in Bankura Sammilani Medical College and Hospital. She had multiple skeletal abnormalities, which included hemifacial microsomia, vertebral malformations in the form of scoliosis, distorted pelvis, but the most striking feature was the absence of thumb and aplasia of radius of left side. She did not suffer from any ocular or auricular abnormalities, neither from any cardiological, urogenital or gastroenteric ones. Radial defects associated with GS might represent a subset within this spectrum. Our case probably belongs to this subset, therefore is a very rare one. (Folia Morphol 2013; 72, 4: 362–365)
Accurate exposure assessment to airborne fungi in agricultural environments is essential for estimating the associated occupational health hazards of workers. The objective of this pilot study was to compare personal and stationary sampling for assessing farmers' exposure to airborne fungi in 3 different agricultural confinements located in Ohio, USA (hog farm, dairy farm, and grain farm), using Button Personal Inhalable Samplers. Personal exposures were measured with samplers worn by 3 subjects (each carrying 2 samplers) during 3 types of activities, including animal feeding in the hog farm, cleaning and animal handling in the dairy farm, and soybean unloading and handling in the grain farm. Simultaneously, the stationary measurements were performed using 5 static Button Samplers and 1 revolving Button Sampler. The study showed that the total concentration of airborne fungi ranged from 1.4 × 104-1.2 × 105 spores m-3 in 3 confinements. Grain unloading and handling activity generated highest concentrations of airborne fungi compared to the other 2 activities. Prevalent airborne fungi belonged to Cladosporium, Aspergillus/Penicillium, Ascospores, smut spores, Epicoccum, Alternaria, and Basidiospores. Lower coefficients of variations were observed for the fungal concentrations measured by personal samplers (7-12%) compared to the concentrations measured by stationary samplers (27-37%). No statistically significant difference was observed between the stationary and personal measurement data for the total concentrations of airborne fungi (p>0.05). Revolving stationary and static stationary Button Samplers demonstrated similar performance characteristics for the collection of airborne fungi. This reflects the low sensitivity of the sampler's efficiency to the wind speed and direction. The results indicate that personal exposure of agricultural workers in confinements may be adequately assessed by placing several Button Samplers simultaneously operating in a static stationary mode throughout the work site.
With the objective of studying the efficiency of locally available botanical extract on maize weevil, a lab experiment was conducted from Feb 3 to Feb 20 2017, at the entomology lab of Gokuleshwor Agriculture and Animal Science College, Gokuleshwor, Baitadi. The design setup was that of a completely randomized design, with 10 treatments, each treatment was replicated thrice. Two varieties of maize local and a commercial hybrid were treated with five locally available botanical extracts, i.e. Acorous, Rittha, Neem, Asuro and wood ash to examine the efficiency of these on maize weevil. One kilogram of maize grains adjusted to 14% MC was placed in 20 cm high × 8 cm diameter plastic buckets. 10 gram of the powdered botanical pesticides of each of the test materials was then thoroughly mixed with the grains in each bucket. The mortality rate was recorded at 24 hours interval. Herein, Acorous showed the highest mortality rate in both local and hybrid varieties. The order of efficiency was found to Bhojo, Ritha, Ash, Neem and Asuro.
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