The antigen content of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) in primary breast cancer tissue extracts may be of strong prognostic value: high levels of PAI-1 in tumors predict poor prognosis for patients. The gene encoding PAI-1 is highly polymorphic and an insertion (5G)/deletion (4G) polymorphism in the PAI-1 gene promoter (the 4G/5G polymorphism), may have functional significance in PAI-1 expression. In the present work the distribution of genotypes and frequency of alleles of the 4G/5G polymorphism in subjects with breast cancer were investigated. Tumor tissues were obtained from 100 postmenopausal women with node-negative and node-positive ductal breast carcinoma with uniform tumor size. Blood samples from age matched healthy women served as control. The 4G/5G polymorphism was determined by PCR amplification using the allele specific primers. The distribution of the genotypes of the 4G/5G polymorphism in both control and patients did not differ significantly (P > 0.05) from those predicted by the Hardy-Weinberg distribution. There were no differences in the genotype distributions and allele frequencies between node-positive and node-negative patients. The 4G/5G polymorphism may not be linked with elevated level of PAI-1 observed in breast cancer and therefore may not be associated with appearance and/or progression of breast cancer.
Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) content in colorectal cancer tissue extracts may be of strong prognostic value: high levels of PAI-1 in tumours predict poor prognosis. The gene encoding PAI-1 is highly polymorphic and PAI-1 gene variability could contribute to the level of PAI-1 biosynthesis. In the present work the distribution of genotypes and frequency of alleles of the 1334G/A polymorphism in 92 subjects with colorectal cancer in samples of cancer tissue and distant mucosa samples as well as in blood were investigated. Blood samples age matched healthy individuals (n = 110) served as control. The 1334G/A polymorphism was determined by PCR amplification using allele specific primers. No differences in the genotype distributions and allele frequencies between blood, distant mucosa samples and cancer tissue were detected. However, the distribution of the genotypes of the 1334G/A polymorphism in patients differed significantly (P < 0.05) from those predicted by the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. There were significant differences in the frequencies of alleles between the colorectal cancer subjects and controls (P < 0.05). The results support the hypothesis that the 1334G/A polymorphism may be associated with the incidence of colorectal cancer.
Plasminogen activator inhibitor PAI-1 is a fast-acting controlling factor of the plasminogen activator system. The system contains proteolytic enzymes that may contribute to cancer cell invasion by degrading the surrounding extracellular matrix and dissociate cell-cell or cell-matrix attachments. There is substantial evidence in many types of cancer that the antigen content of PAI-1 in primary cancer tissue extracts are of strong prognostic value: high level of PAI-1 in tumor predict poor prognosis for the patient. Moreover, it was demonstrated that the level of PAI-1 in metastasis is significantly higher compared to primary tumors. An insertion/deletion polymorphism in the promoter of the PAI-1 gene has been described that relates to plasma PAI-1 levels. We studied this polymorphism in the plasma of subjects with cancer. Blood was taken from 23 patients (10 breast cancers, 5 gastric cancers, 4 head and neck cancers, 2 melanomas and 2 colorectal cancers) and 23 matched controls. Although frequencies of the 4G and 5G alleles were approximately 0.5/0.5 in both patients and controls, the genotype distribution differed significantly between the two groups - the 4G/5G genotype was observed more frequently in patients with cancer than in the controls. Further studies are needed to check whether the prevalence of the 4G/5G genotype may influence an individual’s plasminogen activation system capacity and thereby contribute in a small way to the cancer risk profile.
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The differentiation of chronic pancreatitis (CP) from pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PA) remains a great challenge. The purpose of the study was to compare the prevalence of p16 and K-ras mutation in PA and CP in order to evaluate their usefulness in differential diagnosis of those diseases. Methods: The study included 44 patients who underwent Whipple resection or distal pancreatectomy for PA (23 subjects) or CP (21 subjects). DNA from pancreatic tissue was analysed for K-ras mutation (codon 12) and p16 mutations with PCR amplifications. Results: The K-ras gene mutation has been shown in 17 (73,9%) cases with pancreatic adenocarcinoma which was significantly more often than in chronic pancreatitis - 9 (42,8%) (p<0,01). Prevalence of p16 mutations in patients with PA was 18 (78,3%) and with CP - 7 (33,3%) (p<0,01). K-ras and p16 mutations together have been observed in 16 (69,6%) cases in patients with PC and only in 3 (14,3%) - with CP (p<0,01). No statistically significant association between K-ras or p16 mutations and tumor size, sex or patient age has been observed. Conclusion: It is suggested that simultaneous measurement of K-ras and p16 mutations may provide an additional tool in differential diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic adenocarcinoma.
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