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The antigen content of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) in primary breast cancer tissue extracts may be of strong prognostic value: high levels of PAI-1 in tumors predict poor prognosis for patients. The gene encoding PAI-1 is highly polymorphic and an insertion (5G)/deletion (4G) polymorphism in the PAI-1 gene promoter (the 4G/5G polymorphism), may have functional significance in PAI-1 expression. In the present work the distribution of genotypes and frequency of alleles of the 4G/5G polymorphism in subjects with breast cancer were investigated. Tumor tissues were obtained from 100 postmenopausal women with node-negative and node-positive ductal breast carcinoma with uniform tumor size. Blood samples from age matched healthy women served as control. The 4G/5G polymorphism was determined by PCR amplification using the allele specific primers. The distribution of the genotypes of the 4G/5G polymorphism in both control and patients did not differ significantly (P > 0.05) from those predicted by the Hardy-Weinberg distribution. There were no differences in the genotype distributions and allele frequencies between node-positive and node-negative patients. The 4G/5G polymorphism may not be linked with elevated level of PAI-1 observed in breast cancer and therefore may not be associated with appearance and/or progression of breast cancer.
Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) content in colorectal cancer tissue ex­tracts may be of strong prognostic value: high levels of PAI-1 in tumours predict poor prognosis. The gene encoding PAI-1 is highly polymorphic and PAI-1 gene variability could contribute to the level of PAI-1 biosynthesis. In the present work the distribu­tion of genotypes and frequency of alleles of the 1334G/A polymorphism in 92 subjects with colorectal cancer in samples of cancer tissue and distant mucosa samples as well as in blood were investigated. Blood samples age matched healthy individuals (n = 110) served as control. The 1334G/A polymorphism was determined by PCR ampli­fication using allele specific primers. No differences in the genotype distributions and allele frequencies between blood, distant mucosa samples and cancer tissue were de­tected. However, the distribution of the genotypes of the 1334G/A polymorphism in patients differed significantly (P < 0.05) from those predicted by the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. There were significant differences in the frequencies of alleles between the colorectal cancer subjects and controls (P < 0.05). The results support the hypothe­sis that the 1334G/A polymorphism may be associated with the incidence of colorectal cancer.
Plasminogen activator inhibitor PAI-1 is a fast-acting controlling factor of the plasminogen activator system. The system contains proteolytic enzymes that may contribute to cancer cell invasion by degrading the surrounding extracellular matrix and dissociate cell-cell or cell-matrix attachments. There is substantial evidence in many types of cancer that the antigen content of PAI-1 in primary cancer tissue extracts are of strong prognostic value: high level of PAI-1 in tumor predict poor prognosis for the patient. Moreover, it was demonstrated that the level of PAI-1 in metastasis is significantly higher compared to primary tumors. An insertion/deletion polymorphism in the promoter of the PAI-1 gene has been described that relates to plasma PAI-1 levels. We studied this polymorphism in the plasma of subjects with cancer. Blood was taken from 23 patients (10 breast cancers, 5 gastric cancers, 4 head and neck cancers, 2 melanomas and 2 colorectal cancers) and 23 matched controls. Although frequencies of the 4G and 5G alleles were approximately 0.5/0.5 in both patients and controls, the genotype distribution differed significantly between the two groups - the 4G/5G genotype was observed more frequently in patients with cancer than in the controls. Further studies are needed to check whether the prevalence of the 4G/5G genotype may influence an individual’s plasminogen activation system capacity and thereby contribute in a small way to the cancer risk profile.
The differentiation of chronic pancreatitis (CP) from pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PA) remains a great challenge. The purpose of the study was to compare the prevalence of p16 and K-ras mutation in PA and CP in order to evaluate their usefulness in differential diagnosis of those diseases. Methods: The study included 44 patients who underwent Whipple resection or distal pancreatectomy for PA (23 subjects) or CP (21 subjects). DNA from pancreatic tissue was analysed for K-ras mutation (codon 12) and p16 mutations with PCR amplifications. Results: The K-ras gene mutation has been shown in 17 (73,9%) cases with pancreatic adenocarcinoma which was significantly more often than in chronic pancreatitis - 9 (42,8%) (p<0,01). Prevalence of p16 mutations in patients with PA was 18 (78,3%) and with CP - 7 (33,3%) (p<0,01). K-ras and p16 mutations together have been observed in 16 (69,6%) cases in patients with PC and only in 3 (14,3%) - with CP (p<0,01). No statistically significant association between K-ras or p16 mutations and tumor size, sex or patient age has been observed. Conclusion: It is suggested that simultaneous measurement of K-ras and p16 mutations may provide an additional tool in differential diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic adenocarcinoma.
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