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The aim of the research conducted on mixed rendzina soil (belonging to bonitation class IIIb and to defective wheat complex) in the Experimental Farm Bezek located near Chełm (51°19’ N; 23°25’ E) was to study the influence of 3-year crop rotation with the part of winter rape being 33, 66 and 100%, as well as of its different row spacing (25 and 33 cm) on the number, mass and species composition of weeds. Air dry mass of weeds in a winter rape canopy was not significantly modified by the part of rape in the crop rotation. However, significantly higher number of monocotyledonous weeds and weeds in total was noted in the rape grown at wider row spacing (33 cm). Papaver rhoeas L. was the predominant taxon constituting major mass of the weed infestation. The number of plants of this species was the greatest in the rape grown in monoculture as well as on plots with wider row spacing.
Doświadczenia polowe przeprowadzono w latach 2000-2003 w Gospodarstwie Doświadczalnym Uniwersytetu Przyrodniczego w Lublinie, położonym w Bezku koło Chełma (51°19’ N; 23°26’ E). Celem badań było określenie oddziaływania liczby i masy chwastów na wielkość i strukturę plonu bulw ziemniaka nawożonego obornikiem, nawozami mineralnymi z obornikiem na tle obiektów bez nawożenia, w zależności od kategorii agronomicznej gleby. Stwierdzono istotne ujemne zależności pomiędzy liczbą i masą chwastów a wielkością plonu bulw. Plon ogólny bulw ziemniaka na glebie ciężkiej był też istotnie ujemnie skorelowany z liczbą chwastów jednoliściennych w obu terminach obserwacji zachwaszczenia; na glebie lekkiej zależności te wystąpiły jedynie przed zwarciem rzędów. Powietrznie sucha masa chwastów i ogólna liczba chwastów powodowała zwiększenie plonu bulw najdrobniejszych kosztem plonu bulw frakcji najcenniejszych (od 50 do 60 i powyżej 60 mm).
Field investigations were carried out in 2000-2003 on the Bezek Experimental Farm, Agricultural University of Lublin. The studies determined the influence of organic and mineral + organic fertilization in comparison to control object without fertilization, on chemical composition potato tubers and their infection with some pathogens on light and heavy soil, under meteorological conditions of Lublin region. Potato tubers from organic + mineral fertilized objects contained significantly more N and K than the tubers from remaining objects. The potato tubers grown on rendzina soil contained significantly more Ca and Na as well as significantly less N, K and Mg than the tubers grown on light soil. Experiment factors didn’t significantly differentiate the content of P in dry matter of potato tubers. Systems of fertilization didn’t significantly modify the sanitary condition of potato tubers. The factors significantly influenced on it were individual soil properties. Stronger infection of potato tubers by Streptomyces scabies and smaller infection by Phytophthora infestans were observed on light soil than on the heavy soil.
The aim of the study was to assess the effect of water extracts from crop residues and self-seedings of winter rape and soil extracts after its harvesting on the germination energy and capacity, as well as initial growth of winter rape under laboratory conditions. In first part of research the influence of different extracts (from: a – stems, b – siliques and c – young plants of winter rape) at three concentrations: (0.25; 0.5 and 1%) was examined. Control (0%) was watered with distilled water. In second part of research the effect of soil extracts from fields under crop with different proportions of winter rape in crop rotation (0, 33, 66 and 100%) was examined. The seeds watered with self seeding winter rape extracts in comparison with siliques and stems extracts were characterized by a significantly worse germination energy and capacity. In addition the seedlings had the significantly smaller height and the shorter seedling roots. Independently of the kind of extract, significantly worse results of seed germination and initial growth of winter rape seedlings were observed along with an increase in winter rape extract concentrations. It was found that the soil extracts after 3-year winter rape monoculture significantly reduced germination energy and length of seedling roots and also caused tendencies for smaller germination capacity and seedling height in comparison with those watered with extract from soil where rape was not grown for last 3 years and with distilled water.
Using waste for plant fertilization requires identifying and reducing any possible undesired effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of fertilization with biogas residue (BD) and mining waste (carboniferous mudstone and clay rock from a coal mine – MS) on oilseed rape (OSR) health quality of seeds in relation to conventional fertilization (NPK) and no fertilization. In the first and second years of the study the highest seed and fat yield was obtained from the NPK treatment. However, in the third year the highest yield was found using MS+BD. The lowest glucosinolate content was determined in OSR seeds fertilized with MS in the second year. The ratio of omega-6/omega-3 FA varied in a narrow range from 2.15 (NPK and MS) to 2.21 (BD and MS+BD). The most preferred form of fertilization in reducing heavy metal bioaccumulation (BAI) in seeds was MS+BD and NPK. NPK fertilization primarily reduced BAI of Zn, B, Mn, Cd, Co, and Fe, whereas MS+BD reduced BAI of Cu, Sr, Cr, Ba, and Pb. Results suggest that the wastes evaluated can be an interesting alternative for conventional fertilization in tested soil without the risk of a significant decrease in OSR quality.
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the level of agronomic practice on the content of N, P, K, Mg, Zn, Cu, Mn, Fe and Ca in linseed seed cultivars (cv. Szafir and Oliwin) sown at a row spacing of 15 cm or 25 cm. A field experiment was carried out in 2010–2012. on mixed rendzina soil. The agronomic practice applied differed in the dosage of nitrogen (40, 60 or 80 kg N ha-1) and in weed control (A. without herbicides; B. with two herbicides, C. with three herbicides). The cultivar Szafir was characterised by a significantly higher content of nitrogen than cv. Oliwin, which in turn had a higher manganese content. The content of potassium, magnesium, zinc and manganese in seeds was higher when flax was sown at the narrower row spacing (15 cm) compared to the 25 cm row spacing. A similar relationship was determined for nitrogen, iron and calcium, but statistical verification did not confirm the significance of these differences. The level of agrotechnology in linseed crop cultivation did not influence the seed concentration of the elements. A slightly higher content of the elements in seeds was detected in the treatments where extensive (40 kg N ha-1, without herbicides) and medium intensive technology (60 kg N ha-1, Linurex 50 WP, Fusilade Forte 150 EC) were used, compared to intensive technology (80 N ha-1, Linurex 50 WP, Fusilade Forte 150 EC, Glean 75 WG). A slightly higher content of Fe and Ca was determined in seeds harvested from the plots where the intensive technology was used. Weather conditions significantly affected the content of K, Mg, Zn and Mn in linseed seeds
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