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Ochratoxin A in grain dust - estimated exposure and relations to agricultural practices in grain production

100%

Halstensen A. S., Nordby K. C., Elen O., Eduard W.

Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine

2004

tom 11

nr 2

Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a nephrotoxin frequently contaminating grains. OTA inhalation during grain handling may therefore represent a health risk to farmers, and was the subject of this study. Airborne and settled grain dust was collected during grain work on 84 Norwegian farms. Climate and agricultural practices on each farm were registered. Penicillium spp., Aspergillus spp. and OTA in settled dust were measured. Settled dust contained median 4 µg OTA/kg dust (range 2-128), correlating with Penicillium spp. (median 40 cfu/mg; range 0-32000, rs=0.33; p<0.01). Similar levels were found across grain species, districts and agricultural practices. Penicillium levels, but not OTA levels, were higher in storage than in threshing dust (p=0.003), and increased with storage time (rs=0.51, p<0.001). Farmers were exposed to median 1 mg/m3 (range 0.2-15) dust during threshing and median 7 mg/m3 (range 1-110) dust during storage work, equalling median 3.7 pg/m3 (range 0.6-200) and median 40 pg/m3 (range 2-14000) OTA, respectively (p<0.001). Agricultural practices could not predict OTA, Penicillium or Aspergillus contamination. Compared to oral intake of OTA, the inhalant exposure during grain work was low, although varying by more than 1,000-fold. However, the farmers may occasionally be highly exposed, particularly during handling of stored grain.

Trichothecene mycotoxins and their determinats in settled dust related to grain production

76%

Nordby K. C., Halstensen A. S., Elen O., Clasen P. E., Langseth W., Kristensen P., Eduard W.

Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine

2004

tom 11

nr 1

We hypothesise that inhalant exposure to mycotoxins causes developmental outcomes and certain hormone-related cancers that are associated with grain farming in an epidemiological study. The aim of the present study was to identify and validate determinants of measured trichothecene mycotoxins in grain dust as work environmental trichothecene exposure indicators. Settled grain dust was collected in 92 Norwegian farms during seasons of 1999 and 2000. Production characteristics and climatic data were studied as determinants of trichothecenes in settled dust samples obtained during the production of barley (N = 59), oats (N = 32), and spring wheat (N = 13). Median concentrations of trichothecenes in grain dust were <20, 54, and <50 mg/kg (ranges <20-340, <30-2400, and <50-1200) for deoxynivalenol (DON), HT-2 toxin (HT-2) and T-2 toxin (T-2) respectively. Late blight potato rot (fungal) forecasts have been broadcast in Norway to help prevent this potato disease. Fungal forecasts representing wet, temperate, and humid meteorological conditions were identified as strong determinants of trichothecene mycotoxins in settled grain dust in this study. Differences in cereal species, production properties and districts contributed less to explain mycotoxin concentrations. Fungal forecasts are validated as indicators of mycotoxin exposure of grain farmers and their use in epidemiological studies may be warranted.

Ograniczanie wyników

2 Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine

2 Eduard W.

2 Elen O.

2 Halstensen A. S.

2 Nordby K. C.

1 Clasen P. E.

1 Kristensen P.

1 Langseth W.

2 2004

Wyniki wyszukiwania

Ochratoxin A in grain dust - estimated exposure and relations to agricultural practices in grain production

Trichothecene mycotoxins and their determinats in settled dust related to grain production