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Ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in soil developed on coastal marine sediment along coastal area in Anantigha, Calabar, Nigeria

100%
Aki E. E., Isong I. A.
World Scientific News
|
2019
|
tom 116
2
Artykuł dostępny w postaci pełnego tekstu - kliknij by otworzyć plik
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Anaerobic digestion of organic waste for the production of biogas in Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria

80%
Akpan J. F., Isong I. A., Asikong E. B. E.
World News of Natural Sciences
|
2019
|
tom 24
The quest for environment friendly means of waste management has prompted studies on technologies for treatment of municipal organic wastes. Among these is anaerobic digestion. This research was thus conducted to assess the potential of fruit wastes; Watermelon (Citrus lanatus) peel (W), Pawpaw (Carica papaya) peel (P), Banana (Musa acuminata Cv. AAA group) peel (B) and Cow dung (C) for the production of biogas through anaerobic digestion processes. The production of biogas was carried out in single, double and multiple substrates combinations at 13 kg, 6.5kg and 3.25 kg, respectively, per substrate. The substrates were digested anaerobically in 60-liter digesters for 45 days. The treatment comprised of 11 substrates and water as control. The result indicated that the moisture content ranged from 82.0 to 93.0% and the pH of wastes ranged from 4.9-8.3, with a majority of the substrates falling between 6.0-7.1. Treatment W+C+P+B produced the highest biogas (49.4 ml) at 45 days of digestion. This was followed by treatment W+C and W+B - which were 24 and 23.4 ml, respectively. Treatment B and C+B had the lowest methane yield of 2.2 and 7.6 ml, respectively. The combination of W+C+P+B (8.4) and C+B (6.7%) had the highest values of nitrogen content, while W+C (11%) and C+P (1.4%) had the lowest values. The mineral contents of N, P, K, Ca and Mg in most cases were higher than those obtained before digestion. Hence, Fruit waste (W+C+P+B) was the most suitable substrate for producing biogas and bio-fertilizer. Moreover, the values of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the digestate indicate that it will be a good source of fertilizer for crop production.
3
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Economics of environmental pollution on cassava-based farmers’health and production efficiency within Lafarge cement concession area in Mfamosing, Cross River State, Nigeria

80%
Edet E. O., Udoe P. O., Isong I. A., Abiam N. E.
World News of Natural Sciences
|
2019
|
tom 23
The paper undertakes an assessment of the economics of environmental pollution on cassavabased farmers’ health and production efficiency within the Lafarge cement concession area in Mfamosing, Akamkpa Local Government Area, Cross River State. Data for the study were sourced from 60 cassava-based farmers drawn from neighbourhood and non-neighbourhood locations and analyzed using descriptive statistics and stochastic production frontier techniques. The result showed that farming activities in the area have been dominated by females with an average age of 43 and 35 years of age and household size between 4 and 6 persons. Clearly, the results indicate that cement plant activities have reduced farm productivity over the last 5 years, and has affected the livelihood of the farmers. The study also averred that respiratory diseases, diarrhea, skin rashes, heart disease, asthma, coughs and skin cancer have been the various health challenges suffered by the farmers. According to the study results, farmers lost 44 days due to heart disease, 33 days due to respiratory diseases, and 7 days due to diarrhea. The result of the maximum likelihood estimates (MLEs) of the stochastic frontier production function indicate that hired labour, quantity of fertilizer used and quantity of cassava stem cuttings were the significant variables that influenced cassava yield. The estimated technical efficiency (TE) ranged from 0.45 - 0.99, with a mean index of 0.67 (target group) and 0.57 – 0.99, with a mean of 0.82 (control group). The number of days lost due to illness was the most significant variable influencing inefficiency levels in the study area. It was, therefore, recommended that policies aimed at increasing efficiency should focus on improving health care services in the farming communities, while encouraging efficient level of pollution control by the prescribed cement factory, ab initio.
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