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Background: Better knowledge on the relationship between craniofacial structure and bite force may serve as a reference point for prophylactic and therapeutic activities targeted at developmental age patients. The aim of the study was to assess the correlation between facial skeletal morphology and bite force. Materials and methods: The study included 54 subjects aged 7–16 years with a normal relation of the bases of jaws and skull, according to Segner’s and Hasund’s analysis standards (ML-NL and ML-NSL angles values were 20.0 ± 7.0° and 28.0 ± 5.0°, respectively). The study group included patients who volunteered to diagnosis and possible orthodontic treatment. Bite force was tested with a digital dynamometer calibrated in Newtons. The measurement was performed at the level of the first permanent molars. Cephalometric analysis was based on lateral cephalometric radiographs. The vertical relations were assessed using the following measurements: ML-NSL, ML-NL, NL-NSL, N-Me, Sp-Me, SpMe:NMe, ms-NL, SGo:NMe. Results: Bite force does not depend on the following factors: lower anterior face height (Sp-Me), lower anterior face height to total anterior face height ratio (SpMe:NMe), posterior to anterior face height ratio (SG0:NMe), and the value of ML-NL, ML-NSL and NL-NSL angles. Conclusions: The posterior height of the maxilla alveolar process (ms-NL) exerts the greatest influence on bite force in people with a normal relation of the bases of jaws and skull: with an increase in ms-NL value bite force is reduced. (Folia Morphol 2015; 74, 4: 508–512)
Background: Bite force is one of the indicators of proper functioning of the stomatognathic system, and its value may have diagnostic significance in disorders of the musculoskeletal system of facial bones. The aim of the study was to evaluate the relationship between gender and age, and bite force in patients with high- -angle vertical relationship of jaws and cranial bases. Materials and methods: The study group comprised 66 subjects aged 7–17 years, in whom the mandibular jaw base line and maxillary jaw-base line (ML-NL) angles were greater than 27° and the mandibular jaw-baseline and the anterior cranial base line (ML-NSL) above 33°, and a control group (n = 54) aged 7–16 years, in which the ML-NL angles were 20.0 ± 7.0° and ML-NSL 28.0 ± 5.0°. For measuring the bite force, a Japanese digital dynamometer Imada type ZPS-LM-2000N was used. Results: In the study group no statistically significant correlation between the bite force and gender was shown, and in the control group the average bite force on the right side was significantly different for boys and girls, whereas for boys it was higher. In the study group the relationship between the age and average and maximum bite force on the right and left side was significant. In the group of people with a high-angle relationship of bases of jaws and skull no statistically significant correlation between the bite force and gender was shown. Conclusions: The was no effect of gender on the bite force in all subjects up to 18 years of age, both in patients with a high-angle and normal relationship of bases of jaws and skull. In people with a high-angle relationship of bases of jaws and cranium masticatory forces increase with age. (Folia Morphol 2015; 74, 4: 513–517)
Background: There are few studies devoted to an assessment of the relation between bite force and detailed results of cephalometric analysis that determine craniofacial structure. The purpose of the study was to assess the correlation between the selected criteria determining the craniofacial structure and bite force in patients with normal and increased vertical relation of the bases of jaws and skull. Materials and methods: The study material included 120 patients, aged between 7 and 17 years, who presented for examination and possible orthodontic treatment. The patients were divided into a study group and a control group. The basis of this division were ML-NL and ML-NSL angles, according to Segner’s and Hasund’s analysis standards, respectively: above 27° and above 30° in the study group, and 20.0 ± 7.0° and 28.0 ± 5.0° in the control group. Bite force was tested using a digital dynamometer calibrated in Newtons. The measurement was performed at the level of the first permanent molars. Vertical relations were assessed using the following cephalometric measurements: ML-NSL, ML-NL, NL-NSL, N-Me, Sp-Me, SpMe:NMe, ms-NL, SGo:NMe. Results: Bite force was not found to be dependent on the lower anterior face height (Sp-Me), the ratio of anterior lower to total anterior face height (SpMe:NMe), and NL-NSL angle both in patients with abnormal and normal relations of bases of jaws and skull. Although statistically non-significant, the average mean and maximum bite force values were found to be lower in patients with high-angle relation of bases of jaws and skull than in subjects with normal relation of bases of jaws and skull. Conclusions: Among the selected parameters determining the vertical craniofacial structure, the rear height of the alveolar process (ms-NL) exerts the greatest influence on bite force in both patients with increased and normal vertical relation of bases of jaws and skull, and with an increase in the value of ms-NL, bite force is reduced. (Folia Morphol 2017; 76, 4: 736–741)
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