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The project which is accomplished in the Department of Biological Backgrounds of Animal Production by a team of prof. Grażyna Jeżewska-Witkowska is aimed at development of the standards allowing for identification by phenotype and genotype of farm-bred and wild animals, including: American mink, red fox and raccoon dog. The obtained results suggest that the domestication process contributed to increase the diversity of farm animals (coat color, body weight), as well as to a number of changes in physiology and anatomy. Domestication is also associated with the formation of a number of mutations and polymorphisms at the molecular level. The differences observed at the phenotypic/DNA level will be used to develop tests enabling the identification of the affiliation of mink, fox and raccoon dog to a group of farm or wild-living animals. This fact will be important both for the environmental protection and also for the proper organization of the carnivorous fur farms.
The aim of this study was to identify mutations in the D-loop region of mtDNA in head, neck, and limb tumours in dogs, and determination of their relationship with the process of neoplastic transformation. Blood and tumour tissue samples from 19 dogs with diagnosed sporadic malignant tumours were analysed. DNA extraction, amplification, and sequencing of the mtDNA D-loop, and bioinformatic analyses were performed. Five mutations and 19 polymorphisms were observed in 68.42% of all tumours. Polymorphic variants were noted in 42.86% of the head and neck tumours and in 58.33% of the limb tumours. Mutations were observed in 21.05% of dogs. The mutations were found in 28.57% of the head and neck tumours and in 16.66% of the limb tumours. The mutations were identified in 50% of the studied epithelial cancers. In the mesenchy mal tumours, no mutations in the D-loop region were observed. Mitochondrial haplotype A17 was found in over 40% cases of limb tumours. No association between the age, breed, sex, type of tumour, and detected polymorphic variants were observed. Different mutational changes in the D-loop sequences of mtDNA identified in the blood and tumour tissues may indicate a relationship between the type of tumour and individual changes in the D-loop nucleotide sequences of mtDNA.
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