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Free-living Plathelminthes constitute an important component of meiobenthic communities in various marine benthic environments, but research focusing on this group is generally scarce. The current study investigated the free-living interstitial flatworms of the shallow sandy sublittoral zone of the southern Baltic coast. Sediment samples were taken at Hel Peninsula at water depths of 1.5 m and 7 m, and the plathelminths were identified alive to the species level. In total, 22 species were identified. The majority of the species belonged to Kalyptorhynchia and Proseriata, but Acoela recently moved from Plathelminthes into their own phyllum and represented by Mecynostomidae, was the most numerous group. The average total plathelminth densities ranged between 6 and 74 ind. 10 cm–2. The vertical distribution of the plathelminth fauna in the sediments was usually limited to the upper 3–4 cm, except for acoels which penetrated deeper into the sediment layers. The role of both sediment water saturation and oxygen availability appeared to be the main factors limiting flatworm occurrence in the sediments investigated in this study.
The microphytobenthic primary production and chlorophyll a content were studied over the annual cycle (May 1998 – May 1999) on a non-tidal Baltic sandy beach at three stations along the beach gradient: littoral, waterline and splash zone. The chlorophyll a concentrations varied between 0.88 and 12.18 μg cm−3. Net and gross primary production rates respectively lay within the ranges 0.1–31.4 mgC m−2 h−1 and 0.2–41.8 mgC m−2 h−1. The highest values of both Chl a content and primary production were noted at the littoral station, the lowest ones at the waterline. The mean annual P/B ratio was highest at the waterline. The differences in Chl a content between stations were statistically significant and may be related to water dynamics, resuspension and water content. Production rates were highly variable on monthly time scales, and the highest results at all the study locations were noted in July. The gross photosynthetic rates were significantly correlated with water temperature.
The oxygen consumption of a sandy beach interstitial community was determined on four occasions (January, May, August, October) on the Gulf of Gdańsk (southern Baltic Sea). The study was carried out at four locations on the beach slope (littoral, waterline, splash zone and middle beach). Oxygen consumption varied from 158–159 cm3 O2 m−2 h−1 at the underwater site and waterline to 20–36 cm3 O2 m−2 h−1 in the middle beach. According to these data, interstitial organisms are able to utilize from 206 to 1641 mg of organic carbon per square metre per day. In general, metabolic activity decreased gradually from the waterline towards the middle beach, and a significant correlation was found between oxygen consumption and sediment water content. Changes in oxygen consumption on the beach slope were statistically significant.
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