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In the Upper Vistula River course three sections were distinguished: first, at 11 km of the river course, with low trophic level of water (mean yearly yield <30% of Chlorella pyrenoidosa Chick. control cultures), second, up to 66.2 km of the river course, with the moderate trophic level (between 30-50% yield of control), third below 115.6 km of the river course, with the high trophic level (between 50-80% of control yield). The highest water trophic level (80% of control cultures yield) was evidenced at 115.6 km of the river course, due to the input of industrial and municipal sewage. The yield of Chlorella cultures was highly significantly positively correlated with the content of organic matter, electrolytic conductivity, P-PO₄, N (as N-NH₄+N-NO₃), S-SO₄, Ca and Mg concentration in the water. In case of Cd, Cu, Pb, Mn, Zn no correlation was found.
An algal growth test was used to show the trophic state of the water of the Dobczyce Reservoir and its direct tributaries. The Dobczyce Reservoir showed a lower trophic level than its affluents. So far, the reservoir has been mesotrophic, but shows a tendency to increase from year to year. The trophic level of its water was less than that of the Goczałkowice Reservoir, which was eutrophic.
The values of biological parameters calculated per 1 g C-org. were generally 0.5 to 2 orders of magnitude higher in the water than in the sediments. The exceptions were biomass (Ba), production (P), and respiration (Ra) of algae, approximately 0.5 to 1 order of magnitude higher in the sediments of the stream and respiration of bacteria (Rb) to their biomass (Bb) 0.7 order of magnitude higher in sediments of the dam reservoir.
The primary production of algae (Pr) 717.56 J and their respiration (Ra) 154.60 J were highest in the estuary. The greatest respiration of bacteria (Rb) 45.96 J was in the reservoir. The total oxygen respiration (RO) 1036.78 J and the respiration of the remaining organisms (Rr) 1000.82 J g-1 C 24 h-1 were greatest in the stream. The values of algae (Ba) and bacteria (Bb) biomass, and Rb, Ra and Rb/Bb increased, and those of Rr and RO decreased on the stream - reservoir line.
In general, the phosphate and nitrite concentration in the waters, and C-org, biomass, production, and respiration of algae (Ba, Pr, Ra) in the bottom sediments were greater in the agricultural area. The ammonia and nitrate concentration, and biomass, respiration of bacteria (Bb, Rb), oxygen (RO), and total respiration of epibenthic communities (RT) as well as the respiration of the remaining organisms (Rr) were greater in the forest area than in the agricultural one.
The biomass, production, respiration of algae and heterotrophic bacteria were determined in the surface layer (0.5 cm) of bottom sediments in the river above and below the reservoir, and in the backwater and littoral zone of the reservoir during the vegetation periods (April-October) in 1993 and 1994. The amounts of energy flowing (assumed as the sum of biomass, production, and respiration) through algae and bacteria communities at particular stations were respectively 64-387 and 39-142 kJ m-2 d-1. From the pool of total energy bio- accumulated by heterotrophic bacteria and algae, 87-98% originated from algae, but from the pool of energy released 76-97% was due to heterotrophic bacteria.
From March 1997 to March 1998 the photosynthesis (PHS) and respiration of seston (Rs) and bacteria fraction (Rb) in the water of the Upper Vistula River on the section from 10.9 to 336.7 km of the river course were investigated Methods applied: PhS - light and dark bottles, Rs - dark bottles. Rb - respiration of bacterial fraction, which was isolated by water filtration. The smallest mean yearly value of PhS (2.1-8.6 J dm⁻³ 24 h⁻¹) was found at 10.9-36.6 km of the river course and the greatest ones (40.4-42.7 J dm⁻³ 24 h⁻¹) at 248.2-336.7 km, in accordance with the size of the river. Rs was the smallest (23.9-28.7 J dm⁻³ 24 h⁻¹) between 10.9-45.7 km of the river course (on the rather clean sector) and decisively greater (51.6 J dm⁻³ 24 h⁻¹) at 115.6 km, at the most polluted sites. Along longitudinal profile of the Upper Vistula River Rb was equalized and ranged from 20.7 to 24.1 J dm⁻³ 24 h⁻¹, with the exception at 10.9 (spring, clean part of the river, poor in seston) and 336.7 km of the river course, where it was 10-20% smaller. The last value might indicated the presence of organic matter easily available to bacteria at this site. Rb constituted from 45 to 78% of seston Rs with the minimal value at 115.6 km of the river course (the most polluted) and its maximal participation at 10.9 km - clean part of the river, rather poor in seston.
The mineralization (expressed as O₂ consumption and CO₂ release) of Scenedesmus quadricauda detritus was investigated in homothermal (spring, autumn) and stratified (summer, winter) conditions, using the MicroOxymax respirometer. In experiments, the rate of O₂ consumption and CO₂ release, sedimentation rate and time of mineralization of phycodetritus in water from 2.5, 7.5 and >17 m depth were determined. It was found that 41% and 100% of detritus carbon (31.4 mg C dm⁻³) added to the water could be mineralized in whole water column in time 28 days during spring and 37 days during autumn homothermal conditions. In summer stratification periods 61% of the detritus carbon during 29 days, and in winter 100% during 35 days, could be mineralised down to the depth 18 m. The rate of mineralization of phycodetritus depends on temperature and activity of microflora. The differences in the rate of O₂ consumption and CO₂ release between particular layers of water and seasons were statistically significant in the majority of cases.
The paper presents the differences in metabolic processes of the bottom sediments of the River Raba up- and downstream the reservoir and in the Dobczyce Reservoir (southern Poland). In the sediments of the reservoir character and the intensities of metabolic processes were similar. In the river above the reservoir the metabolizm of sediments has the autotrophic character (the ratio of primary production to oxygen respiration P/R exceeded 1 value) and heterotrophic one in the river bellow the reservoir (P/R <1). The highest algal biomass (Ba) and low primary production (P) were found in the Raba River below the reservoir. At the downstream site organic mater the most refractory to biological degradation was presented. At this site the dominant part of energy (51%) was released by bacteria respiration (Rb). In upstream and in the reservoir the share of respiration of algae (Ra) and bacteria (Rb) in R amounted 6-27% and the remaining organisms (Rr) 73-94%.
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