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Goat milk is a valuable food product and excellent raw material from which products of high nutritive value and exquisite taste are made. Many studies showed that goat milk contains 2.9-3.8% of protein, 2.8-5.9% of fat, 4.1-4.9% of lactose and 11.5-13.6% of total solids on average. The higher digestibility and absorption of goat milk is mainly associated with the content of whey proteins. Whey proteins account for 0.6-0.7% of milk and show beneficial nutritive, physiological and functional properties. About 75% of all milk whey proteins are albumins, which include α-lactoalbumins and β-lactoglobulins, a rich source of bioactive peptides with extra physiological activity. Other whey proteins are lactoferrin, lactoperoxidase, immunoglobulins, glycomacropeptide, and various growth factors. The quality of fat is largely determined by the content of individual fatty acids. As is clear from numerous studies the profile of fatty acids is more beneficial in goat milk compared to sheep and bovine milk because of the UFA/SFA is the ratio 0.56, of 0.52 (sheep milk) vs. 0.37 (bovine milk). In addition, milk is a rich source of vitamins and minerals. The goat milk compared to bovine milk contains a similar amount of vitamin B₆ and pantothenic acid, niacin more (about 3.5-fold) but less vitaminum B₁₂ (about 4-fold), and folic acid (approximately 6-fold). In terms of mineral composition of goat milk compared to bovine milk, the former is richer in calcium, phosphorus, potassium and chlorine, and lower in sodium, sulfur, iron and copper. However, sheep milk is richer than the milk of goats and cows in both mineral compositions (except for potassium, manganese and copper) and vitamins (except vitamin A and biotin).
The aim of the study was the analysis of the condition of goat breeding and husbandry in the Kujawy-Pomerania Province and in country. The results concerning milk and reproduction performance of goats from this region can be used for working out a regional breeding programme. The following was taken into account in this study: the number ofWhite and Coloured Improved goats covered by the performance recording, number of goats entered in the flockbooks, milk performance results for the Kujawy-Pomerania Province as well as for Poland for the years 1996–2009, using the information published by the Central Animal Breeding Station and the documentation of the RegionalAssociation of Sheep and Goats Breeders in Bydgoszcz. The number of flocks of White Improved goats covered by the performance recording in our country decreased from 170 in 1996 to 0 in 2009. A similar downward tendency was observed for the number of goats under milk recording. In the Kujawy-Pomerania Province, the number of goats under milk recording increased from 45 in 1996 to 289 in 2007, and fell to zero from 2008. Analysing the population of Coloured Improved goats, it turned out that, on average, in the whole country, the number of flocks of this breed increased from 17 in 1997 to 23 in 2004, and then decreased to 1 flock in 2009. Similarly, the number of goats under milk recording increased from 175 in 1997 to 917 in 2004 and then fell to 22 in 2009. In the analysed period, the extension of lactations, increased yields of milk, fat and protein and similar contents of these components in milk were found inWhite and Coloured Improved goats.
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