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Proteins were extracted from F. hepatica collected on cattle and sheep. The extract was purified in the column with sephadex G-25. The proteins were separated using the Davis method in electrophoretic systems constructed by the authors, in the columns and in blocks in polyacrylamid gel. The electrophoregrams served for making densometric diagrams and for calculating electrophoretic mobility coefficient (Rf) of the identified protein bands. Both in the blocks and in the columns 26 protein bands have been identified in F. hepatica from both cattle and sheep. Statistical analysis with t Student test showed significant differences in their Rf values. A high reproducibility of the results has been obtained both in the columns and in the blocks of polyacrilamid gel.
A reliable and selective liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detection method for determination of tylosin has been developed. The extraction of analyte from feedingstuffs was performed with solution of citric buffer and methanol. The extracts were cleaned up by solid phase extraction procedure using a octadecyl cartridge. Samples were brought up to dryness and dissolved in phosphate buffer. The analysis was carried out on C18 analytical column with UV detection at λ = 282 nm. The analytical procedure has been successfully adopted and validated for quantitative determination of tylosin A in feedingstufif samples. The validation included determination of specificity, linearity, repeatability, and within-laboratory reproducibility. Mean recovery for spiked samples was 84.7% within the working range of 5-1,000 mg/kg. The inter-day relative standard deviation was below 6.6%. The results of validation procedure proved that presented method is efficient, precise, and useful for routine analysis for screening of quality, homogeneity, and stability of medicated feedingstuffs.
Poland’s accession to the European Union (EU) has entailed the implementation of mutual recognition procedures for the authorization of immunological veterinary medicinal products (IVMPs) since 2009. The aim of the study was to analyse data on the assortment and number of doses in the batches of vaccines for poultry authorized on the Polish market in 2010. These data, compared with the total output of doses in the same batches of IVMPs manufactured worldwide, revealed trends in the application of poultry vaccines in Poland. The results of the survey indicate that poultry IVMPs were the most important immunologicals on the Polish market in terms of variety and the numbers of doses. The dominant position of poultry IVMPs against viral diseases on the Polish market reflected the global trend. They accounted for 97.98% of all poultry IVMPs, followed by anti-bacterial (1.55%) and anti-parasitic IVMPs (0.47%). The order of the five most popular poultry IVMPs was the same on the Polish market as in the global markets, namely vaccines against IB, IBD, ND, MD and TRT. In contrast, anti-bacterial vaccines against Salmonellosis (SE and ST) took the 8th place in terms of their share of the total number of doses manufactured and sold on the Polish market, whereas the total number of doses manufactured globally situated them at the 15th place. Moreover, the position of some anti-viral vaccines was substantially different in Poland; namely relatively high dose counts in vaccines against MD, TRT, DD and SHS, as opposed to rather low shares of vaccine doses against AE, AP, ILT from what these were on the global market. In conclusion, these differences require thorough analysis and the recognition of trends in supply and demand terms accordingly sustainable vaccination programming. The findings might reveal a gap between immunoprophylaxis guidelines and current immunoprophylaxis needs relevant to epidemiological status of poultry flocks in Poland.
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