Preferencje help
Widoczny [Schowaj] Abstrakt
Liczba wyników

Znaleziono wyników: 16

Liczba wyników na stronie
Pierwsza strona wyników Pięć stron wyników wstecz Poprzednia strona wyników Strona / 1 Następna strona wyników Pięć stron wyników wprzód Ostatnia strona wyników

Wyniki wyszukiwania

help Sortuj według:

help Ogranicz wyniki do:
Pierwsza strona wyników Pięć stron wyników wstecz Poprzednia strona wyników Strona / 1 Następna strona wyników Pięć stron wyników wprzód Ostatnia strona wyników
Out of 5970 calvings, 4.29% had an abnormal course (dystocia). The occurrence of stillbirths was 6.98% of all births and 4.15% of normal course births. Stillbirths occurred in 70.31% of dystocias. The highest frequency of stillbirths was in Blonde d´Aquitaine (8.59%) and the lowest in Gasconne (3.96%) cows. A narrow pelvis and an oversized foetus were the causes of more than 50% cases of dystocia. In Charolaise, an extremely high occurrence of oversized foetus, while in Blonde d´Aquitaine uterine inertia were found. A narrow pelvis was especially frequent as the cause of dystocia in the Aberdeen Angus and Limousine breeds. On analysis of stillbirths the most important effect was of the calving course with 24.47% impact on variability. Difficult calving increased the odds of stillbirth by 76 compared to normal calving. The heritability of stillbirth was estimated as 7.80%. It is recommended to restrict the use of sires with a higher incidence of dystocia or stillbirth in the offspring. As genetically determined variability is very low, other systematic measures are necessary to control stillbirth and dystocia. These are: supervision of the herd, obstetrical assistance, appropriate heifer rearing, mating cows at the proper live weight and proper nutrition during the pregnancy.
The material for the study were six populations of Red Cattle, including three samples of the Polish Red cattle population (PC’69, n = 203, PC’82, n = 261 and PC’96, n = 313) and one each of the Danish Red (DC, n = 169), German Red (NC, n = 510) and Czech Red (CC, n = 14). DNA was isolated from blood, according to the method by Gemmell and Akiyama (1996). All individuals were genotyping for the following proteins: a S1-casein, b-casein, k-casein and b-lactoglobulin. The frequency of alleles was estimate and was used for the estimation of the genetic distance between populations. Using the PHYLIP ver. 3.5c software the genetic distance was determined according to 1) Nei, 2) Cavali-Sforza and 3) Reynolds. All the populations demonstrated a similar distribution of allele frequencies at individual loci. Only the Czech Red showed different tendencies as regards b- and k-casein and b -lactoglobulin. This may have been the effect of the smaller population size as compared to the remaining breeds. Genetic distances estimated by these three using methods were similar. The smallest genetic distance was observed between populations PC’96 and NC (0.0007). In turn, the highest value was obtained between population DC and CC (0.0776). In the case of the genetic distance calculated according to the formulas by Cavalli-Sforza and Reynolds, the values obtained were higher then value of genetic distance estimated by Nei. The comparatively low values for the genetic distance obtained in the present studies may indicate that the breeds analysed originate from a common ancestor or lived on neighbouring geographical regions, what could lead to a frequent exchange of genes. The considerable similarity between those breeds could also be caused by a similarly conducted selection, based on similar assumptions (similar type of production). Those populations demonstrate similar gene pools what may be used for common preserve breeding programmes, which would decrease the danger of inbreeding. An analysis of the data collected over 30 years for the three populations of the Polish Red cattle, renders it possible to conclude that the frequency of individual alleles of the proteins examined are subjected to a small but continuous change.
The investigations covered the representatives of three red cattle breeds: Polish Red (PR, n = 65),Czech Red (CR, n = 54) and German Red (GR, n = 28). The allele frequency was analysed for five protein genes: CSN3, LGB, GH, PRL and Pit-1 as well as 13 microsatellite sequences. In the populations of PR and GR cattle the frequencies of protein loci were similar, with a clearly marked domination of one allele. Only in the CR cattle, allele frequencies were similar for all the protein loci analysed (with the exception of Pit-1) with no clear dominance of any one allele. Out of the 13 microsatellite sequences analysed six showed a similar distribution of the allele frequencies in all three breeds, while the remaining ones were characterized by a wide variation. On the basis of the results obtained the genetic distance was estimated between breeds. The smallest genetic distance was observed between the PR and GR population. In turn, between the PR and CR as well as CR and GR populations, the genetic distance proved to be similar, the most similar being obtained on the basis of Nei method.
The objective of this study was to evaluate effect of the season on the yield and viability of embryos recovered from superovulated and flushed Holstein cows (n = 56). The embryo recovery rate (ERR, %) was determined as the proportion of totally flushed embryos (TFE, n) to the number of corpora lutea detected. The embryos were evaluated as transferable (TRANS) or non-transferable and analysed for occurrence of apoptotic cells (T+, TUNELindex) as well as actin cytoskeleton quality (ACG). TFE and ERR were the highest during spring vs summer (149 embryos, 59.6% vs 20 embryos, 37%; P < 0.001), while they insignificantly differed in autumn (57 embryos, 48.3%). The autumn embryos presented a higher proportion of TRANS (P < 0.05, +10.56% vs spring; +18.94% vs summer). The occurrence of apoptosis in these embryos was lower (–1.38 T+ cells and –1.75% T-index; P < 0.05) and the percentage of the best ACG was higher (+35%; P < 0.05). These findings identified autumn as the best season for collection of high-quality bovine embryos.
Pierwsza strona wyników Pięć stron wyników wstecz Poprzednia strona wyników Strona / 1 Następna strona wyników Pięć stron wyników wprzód Ostatnia strona wyników
JavaScript jest wyłączony w Twojej przeglądarce internetowej. Włącz go, a następnie odśwież stronę, aby móc w pełni z niej korzystać.