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Our experiment was conducted during the summer (seven days) in the seaside recreation area of Curonian Spit, Lithuania, with a view to observe the dispersion of ozone (O3) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) in this territory. In addition, the meteorological parameters (ambient temperature, relative air humidity, wind velocity, and direction) were recorded in order to assess the influence of these parameters on the changes in pollutants in the Curonian Spit. During the experiment, the ozone concentration in the spit varied from 5 to 130 μg/m3, while the concentration of nitrogen dioxide varied from 1 to 34 μg/m3. It was found that the meteorological parameters infl uenced the changes in the levels of ozone. The investigation data showed that such meteorological parameters as temperature and relative humidity had the most important influence on ozone concentration variations (r = 0.619 (p<0.05); r = 0.612 (p<0.05), respectively). The changes in the level of nitrogen dioxide have been mostly influenced by traffi cintensity. O3 and NO2 were inversely related. The ozone concentration in Juodkrantė and Preila was higher by 37% than that measured in Klaipėda, while the nitrogen dioxide concentration was lower by 43%. The formation of ozone in the troposphere begins with NO2 photolysis, after which the NO quickly reacts with ozone to regenerate the NO2.
A nonlinear model of temperature dependence on lake depth is proposed for interpreting the vertical thermal structure of a lake. The model has two critical temperatures: T1* – the maximum density water temperature Tcr = 4ºC and T2* – the lake water surface asymptotic temperature in warm seasons. Although the model depends on four parameters, its solution and properties are effectively determined by only two dimensionless parameters: the constant temperature gradient γ and the nonlinearity parameter v. The proposed thermodepth model is applicable to the interpretation of the vertical thermal regime of Lake Tapeliai by comparing the results of theoretical calculations and experimental measurements. Within the limits of our model, the position of the thermocline can be determined theoretically, i.e., the model parameters allow for expressing the thermocline position. A great match has been obtained between experimental data and theoretical dependencies.
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