Ergonomiczne podejście do układu kierowca - ciągnik przyczyniło się do stopniowej poprawy bezpieczeństwa funkcjonowania tego układu w terenie podgórskim. Postąp w rozwiązaniach np. ram ochronnych i sygnalizatorów przechyłu wynika w dużej mierze z badań ergonomicznych.
Przyjęte w polskiej technice rolniczej wskaźniki i pojęcia eksploatacyjne i ekonomiczne różnią się od zachodnich. Również normalizacja i nazewnictwo noszą ślady naszej wieloletniej gospodarczej i naukowej odrębności. Sugeruje się stopniowy zwrot ku europejskim praktykom w tej dziedzinie.
The studies were concerned with distribution of potatoes and soiling fed on the pin conveyors of the separators of the potato combine-harvesters Z 644 and E 667/4 by the rotary elevating drum. There were analysed 90 meters of 16 mm film exposed in the field for each of these combines. The film was taken with the speed of 48 frames per second. Moreover, photostroboscope was used in the laboratory for recording on the single frame the trajectory of falling of potatoes on the pin conveyor of the combine Z 644. The analysis of films and stroboscope photographs was concerned with position of points of falling of tubers and soil clods as well as with so called "relaxation points", i.e. points from which movement of the filmed potato or clod occurs simultaneously with that of the belt of the conveyor. Distribution of points of falling in the case of the combine Z 644 has a central pattern with a slight deviation towards the side which is closer to the cascade. On the other hand, the "relaxation region" for particular components is transfered to the edge of the belt. Similarly, in the case of the range of falling the side closer to the cascade is also prefered when the combine E 667/4 is considered. Moreover, the material is being transfered towards the separator rather on the left-hand-side of the belt, i.e. to the siede which is more distant from the cascade.
Ulepszono własną technikę pomiarów siły tarcia wyposażając stanowisko pomiarowe w mikrokomputer. Potwierdzono występowanie różnic między współczynnikami tarcia kinetycznego bulw i typowych zanieczyszczeń o podłoże. Różnice są istotniejsze na podłożu stalowym.
Static friction coefficients of potato tubers on steel and rubber surfaces were studied as affected by the type of soil on potato field. Three potato cultivars: Jagoda, Lawina and Mila, grown on light and medium-heavy soils, were used for the studies. The angle of tuber friction was measured on an inclined plain. The testing stand was equipped with a photocell and potentiometer connected with a computer for recording and processing the data. The results of tests confirmed research assumptions. It was found that the coefficients of potato tuber friction either, on steel and rubber surfaces, depended on the type of soil.
Определяли параметры движения тел находящихся в массе борозды, переходящих через распределительные механизмы картофелеуборочных комбайнов. В исследованиях применяли метод киносъемок и симулированные тела вводимые искусственно в борозду. Объектами исследований были однорядный комбайн типа 3 644 и двухрядный комбайн типа Э 665/4. Установлено несколько характерных пороков в распределительных механизмах комбайнов и их влияние на производительность работнико! обслуживающих селекционный стол.
Soiling of the potato tubers changes their shapes and causes that the surface properties are, to a certain degree, similar to clods of soil. The above affects operation of separators. The purpose of the studies was to determine the influence of soiling of the potato tubers on the duration of the process of their separation by the separators of the combines: Z 644 and E 667/4, and on the position of the impact point of the potato tuber from the conveyor of the separator which affects uniformity of loading of sorting table. There have been constructed two laboratory stands adapted to filming which designs were based on the separators Z 644 and E 667/4. Films were taken using the Pentaflex AK 16 motion picture camera with speeds of 32 and 96 frames per socond which correspond to exposure times of 1/64 and 1/180 second, respectively. The negative films NP-55 of the speed 20 DIN have been used. The filmed object have been illuminated with four LF halogen lamps, 1000 W each. Operation time and point of the fall of tubers from the conveyor were read on the S-521 film cutting table which had been adapted for single frame analysis. The materials used for analysis were: a) tubers soiled in a natural way, b) cleaned tubers. The increase in separation time had been stated for the soiled tubers. For example, the average increase in separation time of the soiled tubers (when compared with the clean ones) was 26% in the case of Alka potatoes on the inclined separator of the Z 644 combine, and 12% in the case of Aba potatoes on the inclined separator of the E 677/4 combine. The largest amount of tubers (in per cent) falls on the 6th and 7th decimetre in the case of clean potatoes, and on 7th and 8th decimetre in the case of soiled ones. That deteriorates the conditons of uniform loading ot sorting table.
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