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In this paper, Huailai County in China’s Hebei Provice is considered an example for analyzing the characteristics of landscape patterns with three remote sensing datasets in 1995, 2005, and 2015. The land use change and landscape pattern of the study area were analyzed and it was found that from 1995 to 2015, the area with the largest change of land use type was cultivated land and construction land. Results show an increasing landscape fragmentation in this area. Meanwhile, the connectivity presents a downward trend. In combination with the distribution of different landscape type patterns on the terrain niche and the functions of ecosystem services, a minimum cumulative resistance model was used to construct the landscape components of ecological sources, ecological corridors, and ecological nodes. The obtained dIIC and dPC show that river confluences and the surrounding area of the reservoirs are most important for landscape connectivity. Based on the above research, maintenance areas, restoration areas, enhancement areas, and protection areas of the landscape are divided, which will be useful for optimizing the ecological landscape.
We studied the anti-cold shock performance of activated sludge microbes (ASM) with magnetic field (MF) strengthening under slow and rapid cooling and rewarming. From stage S3 to S4, the TTC-DHA (triphenyltetrazolium chloride dehydrogenase) of reactor A₂ and B₂ were 98.5% and 72.5% higher than that of reactor A₁ and B₁, which showed that MF had a better strengthening effect on TTC-DHA under slow temperature variation than that under rapid temperature variation. MF had a definite strengthening effect on relief and inhibition of cell membrane lipid peroxidation and low-temperature injury, which was indicated by SOD (superoxide dismutase), CAT (catalase), and MDA (malonaldehyde), while the MF strengthening effect on SOD and CAT activity was not stable under rapid cooling and rewarming. The MF had little effect on phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) diversity of ASM under slow cooling, but had higher PLFA diversity on that under rapid cooling. Optimal MF strengthening application under different temperature variation mode is supposed to be a potential pathway to strengthen the activity and cold resistance of ASM and improve the efficiency of wastewater treatment in low temperatures.
A novel cDNA clone encoding a COR413- like gene was isolated by suppression subtraction hybridization and cDNA library screening from seaisland cotton (Gossypium barbadense). This gene (designated as GbCOR413, Accession number: AY761065) has a total length of 893 bp with an open reading frame of 600 bp, encoding a predicated polypeptide of 200 amino acids with a molecular weight of 22.74 kDa and a predicated pI of 9.2. Bioinformatics analyses revealed that this gene belonged to a novel stress-regulated multi-spanning transmembrane protein family without signal peptide. By means of semiquantities RT-PCR analysis, the expression of GbCOR413 under short-term cold treatment at 4℃, water submergence and abscic acid treatment was investigated. Our studies suggested that the cloned gene was a new member of COR gene family which was slowly responsive to cold stress in cotton.
Diallyl disulfide (DADS) is a major constituent of garlic. Previously, we found that DADS both inhibited proliferation in human gastric cancer cells in vitro and in vivo, and induced G2/M arrest. In this study, we investigated whether this differentiation effect was induced by DADS in human gastric cancer MGC803 cells, and whether it was related to an alteration in ERK activity. The results showed that the growth of MGC803 cells was inhibited by DADS. Cells treated with DADS displayed a lower nucleocytoplasmic ratio and tended to form gland and intercellular conjunction structures. The ConA-mediated cell agglutination ratio and cells’ ALP specific activity decreased. In MGC803 cells, dye transfer was limited to a few cells neighbouring the dye-injected cell and to a depth of 1–2 layers beneath the scrape site. However, after treatment with DADS, the LY (Lucifer Yellow) was transferred to several cells immediately neighbouring the microinjected cell and to a depth of 2–4 cell layers from the scrape site. This indicated that DADS induced differentiation in MGC803 cells. Western blot analysis revealed that although DADS did not influence the quantity of ERK1/2 protein expressed, it did decrease its phosphorylation in a concentration-dependent manner, compared with the controls. At 30 mg·L−1, DADS inhibited the activation of ERK1/2 in 15–30 min. These results suggested that the DADS-induced differentiation of MGC803 cells involved an alteration of the ERK1/2 signaling pathway.
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