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Low costs of raw material production in comparison with milk production costs in the EU-25 countries are strengths of the Małopolska dairy sector. Low costs of milk production result primarily from the extensive character of production on a majority of dairy farms, dispersion and outdated technologies, lower hygiene and veterinary standards and low remuneration for work in agriculture forced by high unemployment rate and lack of any other sources of income. Simultaneously the same factors are basic causes of low profitability of milk production and lack of funds for its modernization, thus being the main weaknesses of the Małopolska dairy sector. Small farms prevail among milk producers, which makes the structure of milk suppliers for processing greatly dispersed over the whole region. The dispersion most unfavourably affects raw milk quality and competitiveness of final dairy products.
Land use is characterized by the crop sequences, crop production technologies, including soil management. From the beginning of the soil disturbance, close correlation can be found between land use pattern and environment state. The land use systems were classified and grouped on the basis of the farming features and their impacts on soil and environment quality condition. Terms of the systems in Hungarian relation and in chronological order are as follows: early extensive (from the beginning till 1860), conventional (1860-1960), early intensive (1960-1980), integrated (1980-), modern intensive (1990-), modern extensive (1990-) and ecological (1989-). The land use systems can also be grouped by their environment capability. In environmental respect three of them are considered to harmful, two are medium and other two (integrated and ecological) are ranked to conservation. There are 11 important factors which help to identify the term of any land use system and to separate them consecutively, that are the crop, crop yield, productivity, fertilization, crop protection, chemical load, energy demand, equipment level, soil tillage, impacts on soil and environment and training demand. In this paper our current and past research is summarised to approach an environmental sound land use and to create and maintain harmony between soil conservation and crop production to meet Hungarian needs throughout the future.
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