The health state of Ginkgo biloba L. and damage caused by microscopic fungi were evaluated over the 2010–2011 time period, in selected localities of Slovakia and Czechia. The trees were assessed and put into two categories of health. Trees in very good (category 1) or good vitality and health with no or only light damage (category 2). A total of seven species of microscopic fungi were identified from samples taken from branches, fruits, and leaves. The following fungal genera were detected: Epicoccum, Fusarium, Alternaria, Phomopsis, Cylindrosporium, Phyllosticta, and Cladosporium. This present study is the first report about microscopic fungi determined on G. biloba for Slovakia.
The European chestnut was evaluated for Chestnut blight disease in the Modrý Kameň region, in 2010. A total of 1321 trees and sprouts were selected. There were 140 healthy trees, without any symptoms of Cryphonectria parasitica infection. Nearly 90% of the evaluated trees and sprouts were diseased. The health condition index (IHC) on 11 experimental plots varied from 2.31 to 4.03. Every collected sample was identified as having C. parasitica. All isolates had the orange culture morphology; all isolates were virulent. Among the isolates, 8 vc types were detected. Vc type EU-2 was dominant, it comprised 37.14% of the tested isolates. Two other vc types: EU 1 and EU 12 were frequently detected.
Ash dieback, caused by Hymenoscyphus fraxineus, is a serious disease of common and narrow-leaved ash in Europe. The resistance of individual trees seems to be important for the maintenance of ash in European forests. In this in situ wound inoculation study, the susceptibility and differences in resistance to H. fraxineus between Fraxinus excelsior and F. angustifolia clones were assessed. Neither of the tested clones revealed total resistance to ash dieback; variety between the tested clones was observed. Differences in necroses lengths were significant between clones and between two ash species. Longer necroses were formed in F. angustifolia than in F. excelsior. Some clones exhibiting some resistance to the pathogen were identified.
Health state of Rhus typhina was evaluated in 59 localities and 74 sites over the years 2001-2003 with scope (1) to identify the parasitic mycoflora of R. typhina in Slovakia and (2) to identify the occurrence of Cryphonectria parasitica, declared as an quarantine pest by the EPPO, besides the chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) and oak (Quercus sp.) also on R. typhina. The fungus Botryosphaeria ribis (Gross.) Dugg. (pycnidial state Dothiorella mali (Ell.) Ev) caused damage to the R. typhina. Damage to R. typhina caused by B. ribis was only recorded in 15 localities. Mean growth rate of hyphae of the fungus ranged from 25.7 to 48.3 mm after 96 hours of cultivation. The most appropriate medium for cultivation was 3% potato dextrose agar. The occurrence of the fungus Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht and mainly of quarantine fungus C. parasitica has not been recorded in the evaluated sites.
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