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Aqueousmethanol extracts of Citrus junos, C. unshiu and C. sudachi fruit peel inhibited the growth of the roots and hypocotyls of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), cress (Lepi dium sativum L.) and lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) seedlings. Significant reductions in the root and hypocotyl growth were observed as the extract concentration in creased in all bioassays. The inhibitory activity of C. junos extract on the growth of test plants was 3.3- to 17.9-fold and 3.6- to 20.6-fold greater than that of C. unshiu and C. sudachi extracts, respectively.The concentration in C. junos was 3.5- and 4.9-fold greater than that in C. unshiu and C. sudachi, respectively. Thus, there was a good correlation- between abscisic acid-b-D-glucopyranosyl ester (ABA-GE) concentrations in C. junos, C. unshiu and C. sudachi fruit peel and the inhibitory activities of their extracts.The concentratio of ABA-GE in C. junos fruit peel was in creased with fruit maturity as growth inhibitory activity of C. junos fruit peel was reported to be in creased with fruit maturity, indicating that the concentrations of A BA-GEin C. junos fruit peel was correlated with growth inhibitory activity of C. junos fruit peel in time course of fruit maturation. These findings suggest that ABA-GE may be involved in the growth in hibitory effect of C. junos, C. unshiu and C. sudachi fruit peel.
Określono stężenie ekstrahowalnych związków halogenooroganicznych (EOX) - chloroorganicznych (EOCl), bromoorganicznych (EOBr) i jodoorganicznych (EOl) oraz znanych ksenobiotyków chloroorganicznych (OCs) w podskórnej tkance tłuszczowej morświnów wizytujących część południową Bałtyku w latach 1991-1994. Martwe morświny pozyskano z sieci rybackich jako przyłów. Stężenie i skład ekstrahowalnych związków halogenoorganicznych (EOX) określono techniką aktywacji neutronowej, a znanych związków chloroorganicznych techniką kapilarnej chromatografii gazowej Z detekcją ECD.
Sporophores from five species of Lactarius mushrooms had a liquid rubber content of 0.1 % to 7% based on the dry weight. Rubber from L. voleinus, L. chrysorrheus and L. hygrophoroides was found to be a homologue of polyprenol being composed of dimethylallyl group, two trans isoprene units, 160-300cis isoprene units, and terminal hydroxy! or ester group aligned in that order by 13C-NMR analysis. The ratio of fatty acid ester group to hydroxyl group was about 9/1 to 5/5. The number of both terminal groups and trans units decreased during aging of sporophores. Rubber from L. piperatus, L. vellereus and L. subpiperatus was found to be cis polyisoprene having very small quantities of both terminal groups and trans units. The biosynthesis of cis polyisoprene in Lactarius mushrooms was found to start from trans, trans-famesyl pyrophosphate. The termination was assumed to occur by esterification of polyisoprenyl pyrophosphate. Occurrence of some chemical modifications on both terminal groups was presumed during aging of sporophores.
ZFAT was originally identified as an immune-related transcriptional regulator containing 18 C2H2-type zinc-finger domains and one AT-hook. ZFAT is highly conserved among species and functions as an anti-apoptotic molecule in the lymphoblastic leukemia cell line, MOLT-4. We recently demonstrated that ZFAT is an essential molecule for hematopoietic differentiation in blood islands through the direct regulation of particular transcriptional factors, including Tal1, for endothelial cell assembly, and for the branch point formation of capillary-like structures. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the anti-apoptotic function of ZFAT remain unknown. Here, we report that ZFAT knockdown by small interfering RNA induced apoptosis in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). This response had been similarly observed for MOLT-4 cells. To explore the molecular mechanisms for ZFAT in anti-apoptotic function in both MEFs and MOLT-4 cells, microarray expression analysis and quantitative RT-PCR were done. Of interest was that Bcl-2 and Il6st were identified as commonly down-regulated genes by the depletion of ZFAT for both MEFs and MOLT-4 cells. These results suggest that ZFAT is a critical molecule for cell survival in MEFs and MOLT-4 cells at least in part through the regulation of the apoptosis involved in the BCL-2- and IL6st-mediated pathways. Further elucidation of the molecular functions for ZFAT might shed light on the cellular programs in the mesoderm-derived cells.
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