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Survey of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and lead in Chinese teas sold in Nigeria: levels and health implications

100%

Orisakwe O. E., Mbagwu H. O. C., Ukpai P., Udowelle N. A.

Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny

2015

tom 66

nr 3

Background. The belief that Chinese teas are of immense health benefits by many Nigerians has led to high consumption rate. Objectives. This study has determined lead and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) levels of Chinese teas popularly consumed in Nigeria and to estimate the potential health risks. Material and Methods. Twenty brands of Chinese teas commonly consumed in Nigeria purchased in October 2014 were used in the study. Tea samples were extracted and digested. Lead, and PAHs were analyzed using an atomic absorption spectrophotometric (AAS) and gas chromatographic methods, respectively. Daily intake, percent violations of permissible limits, target hazard quotients (THQ), Health Risk Index (HRI) of lead, and other cancer risk parameters of PAHs were estimated. Results. All the tea samples except super natural green tea violated the WHO permissible limit of lead (0.01 mg/kg) by over 100%. The HRI ranged from 5.09 x 10-5 – 7.20 x 10-4 . Among the single analyzed compounds, the pyrenes had the highest concentration of 14.31 mg/kg. The intake of benzo[a]pyrene was detected in 25% of the samples which ranged from 0.066 to 0.145 mg/kg and exceeded the permissible daily limit of benzo[a]pyrene intake. The estimated cancer risk from this study in an adult is 5.07 x 10-9. Conclusion. The present study suggests that consumption of Chinese teas in Nigeria may not be one of the factors responsible for the increased rate of cancer in Nigeria.

Levels of some heavy metals in vegetables from artisanal mining sites of Dilimi River, Bukuru and Barkin Ladi North Central Nigeria: any public health concern?

88%

Orisakwe O. E., Dagur E. A., Mbagwu H. O. C., Udowelle N. A., Offor S. J.

Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny

2018

tom 69

nr 4

Background. North Central Nigeria is the food basket of Nigeria but is also known for its artisanal mining with attendant public health consequences which is hitherto unquantified. Vegetables grown close to these mining sites may be contaminated with heavy metals. Objective. This study has estimated health risk associated with heavy metals HM (Cd, Cr, Cu, Zn, Se and Ni) in vegetables harvested inform the mining areas of Dilimi, Bukuru and Barkin Ladi by calculating the Daily intake, Target Hazard Quotient (THQ), Hazard Index (HI) and the Cancer risk (CR) for adults and children in the local population. Material and methods. Vegetable, soil, irrigation water and sediments samples were collected, digested, ashed and analyzed for HM using an Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS). Results. The concentration of heavy metals in vegetables were in the order Cd < Se < Cr < Cu < Ni < Zn. There were higher HM levels in soil than vegetables samples. The daily intake of HM from vegetable consumption decreased in the following order Cd < Se < Cr < Cu < Ni < Zn. At least 62.5% of vegetable samples had THQ values > 1 in Dilimi, Bukuru and Barkin ladi (Adults) while 13% of vegetable samples had THQ values > 1 in children. The THQ of nickel ranged from 0.38-2.73 and 0.21-1.53 in adults and children respectively. The bio-concentration factor ranged from 0.026-7.52, 0.01-0.36 and 0.0011-1.23 in Dilimi, Bukuru and Barkin Ladi respectively for all the studied heavy metals. The cancer risk values ranged from 0.011-0.04 and 0.00066-0.02 across all the studied areas for adults and children respectively. HI values for adults were all >1 and also the total cancer risk was above the acceptable range of 10-4. Conclusion. Since THQ is > 1 in most of the samples, HI values > 1 for adults in all the vegetable and cancer risk above the acceptable limit consumption of vegetables from the study areas is not free of risk.

Ograniczanie wyników

2 Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny

2 Mbagwu H. O. C.

2 Orisakwe O. E.

2 Udowelle N. A.

1 Dagur E. A.

1 Offor S. J.

1 Ukpai P.

1 2018

1 2015

Wyniki wyszukiwania

Survey of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and lead in Chinese teas sold in Nigeria: levels and health implications

Levels of some heavy metals in vegetables from artisanal mining sites of Dilimi River, Bukuru and Barkin Ladi North Central Nigeria: any public health concern?