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The objective of the present study is to demonstrate the application of multicriteria decision making methods in selecting the most efficient option of quality management system in food industry. Most studies concentrate on single aspects of quality management, instead of looking at the problem more holistically by analysing all factors and often complex relations between them. In response to this shortage, the present study proposes a more holistic model of successful quality management of food products. The Analytic Network Process (ANP) were applied to build and analyse the problem. The successful quality management has been defined here as a goal of improving the quality of food products and increasing the company management effectiveness. The overall model comprises Benefits, Opportunities, Costs and Risks and consider a range of various factors influencing the decision problem. The ANP results are based on empirical survey (questionnaire interviews) carried out with managers in three leading food enterprises in Poland. The problem presented in this paper is very important not only in Poland. B,0,C,R models of improving the quality of food products and increasing the company management effectiveness can be successfully applied by food enterprises to choose the most appropriate quality management systems. Other methods applied to solve this problem would likely fail to analyse these dependencies so thoroughly. Last but not least, the rules of building the B,0,C,R models to select the best option of quality management system in food industry can also be applied in other than food companies.
Over the last twenty years chondroitin sulfate (CS) has become a focus of interest of neuroscience due to its indubitable role in shaping axonal growth, synaptic plasticity and glial scar forming. Various patterns of sulfation give rise to various CS molecules with different properties that are capable of interactions with a plethora of molecules, including growth factors, receptors and guidance molecules. The involvement of CS chains has been implicated in visual critical period regulation, memory formation, spinal cord regeneration. As part of proteoglycan molecules, they are widely expressed in the central nervous system, however, little is known about the enzymatic machinery responsible for CS synthesis and degradation. In this review we attempt to extract and collect the available information concerning the expression and function of enzymes of CS metabolism in the brain.
A number of studies have shown neuroprotective effects of agonists of group-II metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR II) in various experimental models of excitotoxicity. However, an influence of these compounds on neuronal apoptosis is less recognized. We tested the effect of nonspecific agonist of mGluR II, LY354740 ((+)-2-aminobicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2,6dicarboxylate) on staurosporine and doxorubicin evoked cell death in primary pure neuronal and neuronal-glial cortical cells, as well in cerebellar granule cells (CGC). We found that LY354740 (0.01-10 microM) was protective against staurosporine-evoked cell death in both, pure cortical neurons and CGC with higher efficacy in 12 DIV in comparison with the 7 DIV ones. Moreover, the neuroprotective effect of LY354470 in neuronal-glial cells did not differ from that found in pure neurons. The protective effect of mGluR II agonist was not connected with attenuation the St-induced caspase-3 activity and DNA fragmentation, but this agent decreased the St-evoked necrotic cell death as measured by propidium ioide staining. LY354470 had no influence on doxorubicin-evoked cell death, but attenuated the glutamate-mediated neuronal cell damage. Our data suggest that neuroprotective effects of the mGluR II ligand are stimuli- and development-dependent and are rather connected with attenuation of necrotic-, than the apoptotic cell death. The study was supported by grant No NN405611638 from the Ministry of Science and Higher Education, Warsaw, Poland.
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