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1

Residue analysis of pesticides, herbicides, and fungicides in various water sources using gas romatography-mass detection

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Samarghandi M. R., Mohammadi M., Karami A., Tabandeh L., Dargahi A., Amirian F.
Polish Journal of Environmental Studies
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2017
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tom 26
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nr 5
Pesticides along with with their degradation products spread throughout the environment and contaminate the water, leading to a consequent potential risk to humans and also the environment. The study aims to determinene the residual pesticides (organophosphorus, pyrethroids ), herbicides, and fungicides in the water resources (wells, deep wells, springs, spring-heads, and flumes) of Kermanshah Province, Iran. Water samples were taken from 50 stations from April to June 2016, and analyses were performed using gas-chromatography–mass-spectrometry techniques. Data were analysed using SPSS version 20. One of the most important points of this study is the fact that all water resources were safe except for deep wells. Total concentration of organophosphorus was 2.2 ppb. The mean concentration of pyrethroids in Islamabad Gharb and Songhor was 0.574 and 2.235 ppb, respectively. Organophosphorus and pyrethroid pesticides total concentration was more than the European standard. The contamination range of difenoconazole fungicide was 0.024 ppb (Gilan Gharb) and 1.089 ppb (Kermanshah). Glyphosate herbicide was only seen in Islamabad Gharb (0.011 ppb). The mean concentration of all pesticides in the investigated wells was more than the European standard. Estimating pesticide concentration is important for preserving aquatic ecosystems and human health.
2

Survey on treatment ability of stabilization pond as a natural treatment system in oil refinery wastewaters

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Dargahi A., Mohammadi M., Karami A., Amirian F., Tabandeh L., Almasi A.
Polish Journal of Environmental Studies
|
2018
|
tom 27
|
nr 1
An oil refinery is one industry that introduces large amounts of toxic phenol in receiving waters annually. Hence, the aim of this study was phenol removal from oil refinery wastewater by a natural treatment system of a stabilization pond. In this study, a pilot-scale pond volume, hydraulic load, and hydraulic retention time were 200 L, 40 L/day and five days, respectively. Influent concentration of phenol was 100-400 mg/L. Responses of the process were NH₃, PO₄, phenol, TCOD, SCOD, TBOD, SBOD, and pH. The results showed that increasing phenol concentration and decreasing temperature have negative effects on system efficiency. Maximum removal of NH₃, PO₄, phenol, TCOD, SCOD, TBOD, and SBOD were 61.08, 70.09, 93.58, 80.18, 78.89, 78.7, and 76.84% in high temperature, respectively. Maximum efficiency of wastewater treatment system was obtained in phenol concentration at 100 mg/L. Also, anaerobic stabilization ponds are cost-effective options with simple operation that can be employed for the treatment of phenol content of oil refinery wastewaters.
3

Nitrogenous contamination in Iranian vegetables: a review

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Almasi A., Mohammadi M., Dargahi A., Amirian F., Motlagh Z. J., Ahmadidoust G., Noori M.
Polish Journal of Environmental Studies
|
2018
|
tom 27
|
nr 6
Vegetables are the main source of nitrate food contamination. More than 80% of nitrates are consumed by humans through vegetables. The present study was conducted to investigate the contamination of nitrite and nitrate vegetables in Iran. In this systematic overview we reviewed all internal and external databases for relevant articles. According to different studies, contamination was detected in different types of vegetables in different regions of Iran. Articles that examined nitrite values above the standard limit were not reported. Due to nitrate contamination in vegetables in some cities of Iran and the effects of this nitrogen combination on human health, it is necessary to find a solution in this regard.
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