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Data on profitable, intensive agricultural sector in the world indicate that animal production should be based on farms larger than 50 hectares of agricultural land. Thus, structural changes in Polish farms are necessary. Siting of farm holdings should not threaten the natural environment or disturb functions of rural neighbourhoods. The author discusses conditions needed if the ecological structure of rural areas is not to be upset.
Amongst the modern architecture of many Polish cities there lurk old traditional wooden houses. Areas of so called ‘poor housing’ or ‘architectureless buildings’ still remain dotted around large modern cities. How to preserve this heritage? The author argues for ditching stereotypical thinking which labels wooden houses an ‘anachronism’ . The ‘frugal’ design and simplicity introduce, in fact, the richness and diversity into the urban environment. The mere fact that these houses have survived is an incredible feat of luck. They add character to otherwise monolithic urban areas. Breathing new life into the areas of ‘traditional’ architecture would give unique flavour to many of our cities.
The honey bee has been known to man almost a dozen thousands of years ago or so. All peoples living along the coast of the Mediterranean Sea, the Arabian Peninsula and India bred bees, in specially constructed hives. Bees and honey are mentioned in every holy book. Beekeeping and honey are present in the mythologies, customs and rituals of most European cultures. The author puts much attention on bartnictwo, that is harvesting of the forest honey, the former method of obtaining honey. The author also discusses the uses of honey in Poland.
Z początkiem ery postindustrialnej szybko zyskują na wartości zabytki przemysłowe. Interesują się nimi nie tylko specjaliści, ale i szeroka publiczność. Autorka omawia problem na przykładzie słowackiego miasta górniczego Bańskiej Szczawnicy.
The author describes the oldest Danish skansen which has been open for over a hundred years. Frilandsmuseet, the open air museum, has about 40 buildings scattered on 36 ha of land. The buildings are mainly complete 18th and 19th century Danish farm dwellings. Individual rooms are fully furnished and full of period objects. The visitors to Frilandsmuseet can take part in traditional activities such as village dance, sheep sheering or making home preserves and watch spinning and weaving, candle making, bread-making, churning butter, pottery and coppery, etc.
Imre Makovecz (born 1935) Hungarian architect, a representative of organic architecture, is acclaimed and admired in Central Europe. He first gained international recognition in the remaining part of Europe in 1992, with his pavilion at 1992 Seville Expo. His buildings are unique not only in terms of architecture, but also of whole contemporary art. His works intrigue, confound, and inspire.
The Slovinian Village Museum is located ca. 40 kilometres northeast of the town of Słupsk, in Kluki near the Łebskie Lake. Throughout their history Slovinians created their separate, unique material culture. It is Kluki where the remnants of this culture have been preserved, with the highest number of retained historic buildings. The localisation of the village amongst marshes and bogs and the absence of a good transport system contributed to the preservation of the village. The author presents Slovinians, the village history, the establishment of the museum and its exhibits.
There is no uniform view on who came up with an idea of an open-air museum. Such initiatives were taken in a number of countries at the same time. However, this concept materialised in Scandinavian countries in the second half of the 19th century. It was implemented by Artur Hazelius (1833-1901), a Swedish folk culture researcher. An open air museum, the first in the world, was ceremonially opened in Stockholm, in 1891.
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