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This report deals with stability and toxicity of urea-formaldehyde (UF) adhesives for woodworking industry. ATR FTIR method was used to research UF adhesive modified by glutaraldehyde (GA). The glutaraldehyde was added to UF resin to increase structural stability of the adhesive. FTIR spectra of UF adhesives, UF and GA blends hardened at temperature 100 °C are presented in the paper. Formaldehyde released from the adhesive is harmful. Collagen solution was chosen as reaction agent to decrease UF adhesive toxicity. Measured FTIR spectra of UF adhesive modified with collagen hydrolysate approved the creation of bonds between formaldehyde and collagen.
Zeolite as a filler of UF resin for lower formaldehyde emission from plywood. Urea-formaldehyde (UF) resins have a negative property: the content of free formaldehyde and following long-term release from cross-linked polycondensates in the structure of made products. Just elimination of the content and emission of formaldehyde in plywood is the aim of this work. The basic assumption is preparation of suitable modificating agent, which could effective bind respectively absorb non-reacted and from chemical bonds releasing molecules of formaldehyde. Physical and chemical properties of adhesive mixtures from standard produced UF resins could be treated by application of fillers - mineral sorbents. Mineral sorbents have the function of fillers. Their application brings technologic effect, hygienic effect, and also economic effect from the point of view of resulting price of adhesive mixture.
Chemical stability of UF adhesives is an important hygienic property. This paper deals with chemical stability of UF adhesives modified with glutaraldehyde (GA) and collagen. GA was added to the adhesive to increase the structural stability of the adhesive. Collagen was added in the form of acid hydrolysate; the hydrolysate is chrome tanned leather waste. Formaldehyde content in plywood was measured through FESYP method; and formaldehyde emission from cured UF adhesive film was measured through “chamber method” according to the STN 49 0030 and STN EN 717-1 standards. The results showed that simultaneous presence of collagen and GA in the UF adhesive mixture reduced the amount of formaldehyde in plywood, and reduced the formaldehyde emission from cured UF adhesive film, as well.
Chemical stability, water resistance and the strength of glued joint of plywood are the important properties of any adhesive. This paper deals with UF adhesives modified with glutaraldehyde (GA) and collagen. GA was added to the UF adhesive to increase its structural stability. Collagen was added in the form of acid hydrolysate. The hydrolysate is chrome tanned leather waste; we searched the possibility to use the waste as a partial substitute of the adhesive. Shear strength was measured according to the EN 314-1,2: 1993 standard. The obtained results showed that simultaneous presence of collagen and GA in the UF adhesive mixture increased the shear strength of glued joints. The leather hydrolysate can be used as the additive to UF adhesives. Utilisation of leather hydrolysate as the secondary industrial raw material in UF adhesive production can be the positive contribution to the environment.
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