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The aim of this study was to evaluate midazolam as an intravenous induction agent for inhalation anaesthesia in the routine castration of dogs. Investigations concerned the dose required for induction as well as its effects on the dog’s general condition, arterial blood gas and acid-base balance. A total of 24 male dogs of various breeds were studied, ranging in age from 1 to 11 years and in weight from 5 to 27 kg. Dogs were recruited at the Department and Clinics of Animal Surgery, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Poland. The dogs were premedicated intramuscularly with xylazine and atropine sulphate at dose rates of 2 mg/kg and 0.05 mg/kg respectively. Twenty minutes after premedication, midazolam was administered by intravenous infusion. Intravenous midazolam proved useful as an induction agent for inhalation anaesthesia. The dose used was dependent on the animal’s reaction. The induction of anaesthesia with midazolam was successful and enabled endotracheal intubation and inhalation anaesthesia with a halothane-oxygen mixture. The application of midazolam with halothane, however, led to transitory disturbances in systemic acid-base balance due to gas exchange abnormalities. The median effective dose of midazolam for the induction of anaesthesia was 0.46 mg/kg i.v. Postoperatively, a full recovery of consciousness and motor functions was rapidly achieved in all dogs. Further studies on midazolam as an intravenous induction agent for inhalation anaesthesia in the dog are warranted.
Clinical practice with small animals often requires the immediate introduction of the patient to short-acting anaesthesia. The aim of the study was the evaluation of the use of midazolam and xylazine as short-acting anaesthesia for dogs. The investigation was carried out on 27 dogs. The general anaesthesia was performed by using a mixture including: atropine 0.05 mg/kg, xylazine 1 mg/kg and midazolam 0.3 mg/kg. The drugs were administered intravenously by using one syringe at a dose dependant on the effects of the operation. Anaesthesia was evaluated testing palpebral reflex, corneal reflex, superficial sensibility and pedal reflex. Body temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate, parameters of acid-base balance and blood oxyganation were determined during anaesthesia. Intravenous administration of atropine, xylazine and midazolam at a dose dependant on the effects of the operation induce general anaesthesia lasting about 20 minutes. The anaesthesia was connected with the loss of consciousness and pain sensitivity. This kind of anaesthesia causes transient acid-base balance disturbances and respiratory depression. The method of anaesthesia used in our study provides fast induction and recovery without antagonists. The negative effect on the anaesthetised animals was minimal.
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