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1

Cellular toxicity of aluminum in root tips of Vicia faba L.

100%
Zhang H., Zou J.
Polish Journal of Environmental Studies
|
2020
|
tom 29
|
nr 2
2

Effect of Cu2plus concentration on growth, antioxidant enzyme activity and malondialdehyde content in garlic [Allium sativum L.]

99%
Meng Q., Zou J., Zou J., Jiang W., Liu D.
Acta Biologica Cracoviensia. Series Botanica
|
2007
|
tom 49
|
nr 1
95-101
The effects of different concentrations (10-5 M, 10-4 M. 10-3 M) of Cu2+ on growth, antioxidant enzyme activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content were investigated in hydroponically grown Allium sativum L. The results indicated that the growth of garlic seedlings was not inhibited under treatment with 10-5 M Cu2+. Garlic seedlings exposed to 10-4 M and 10-3 M Cu2+ exhibited significant growth reduction. With increasing Cu2+ concentration and treatment time, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity increased in leaves and roots, and peroxidase (POD) activity increased in leaves. In roots of plants exposed to 10-4 M and 10-3 M Cu2+, POD activity increased within 9 d and then dropped, but was still higher than in the control at the end of the experiment. Catalase (CAT) activity increased in seedlings grown at 10-5 M and l0-4 M, whereas a highly toxic level of Cu2+ (10-3 M) markedly inhibited CAT activity. SOD and POD activity were higher in roots than in leaves, whereas CAT activity was higher in leaves than in roots under both control and Cu2+ treatments. There was no obvious effect on MDA content in the seedlings treated with 10-5 M Cu2+; at 10-4 M and 10-3 M Cu2+ it increased. The mechanisms of Cu2+ toxicity and Cu2+ tolerance in garlic are briefly discussed.
3

Test research on the resistance performance of high-speed trimaran planing hull

81%
Ma W., Sun H., Zou J., Yang H.
Polish Maritime Research
|
2013
|
tom 20
|
nr 4
In order to identify high-speed navigation ability of trimaran planing hull, as well as investigate the characteristics of its resistance and hull form, ship model tests were conducted to measure resistance, trim and heaving under different displacements and gravity centre locations. The test results were then used to study the influence of spray strips on resistance and sea-keeping qualities. Moreover, different planing surfaces were compared in the model tests which helped to look into influence of steps on hull resistance and its moving position. Also, the resistance features of monohull and trimaran planing hulls, both with and without steps, were compared to each other. From the tests it can be concluded that: the two auxiliary side hulls increase aerodynamic lift at high-speed motion, which improves the hydrodynamic performance; the trimaran planing hull has also excellent longitudinal stability and low wave-making action; when Fr∇ > 8, its motion is still stable and two distinct resistance peaks and two changes of sailing state (the second change is smaller) appear; spray strips are favourable for sea-keeping qualities at high speed. The change trends before the second resistance peak as to the resistance and sailing behaviour of trimaran planing hull without steps are the same as for monohull planing hull without steps. but when steps in both hulls exist the change trends are different; more specifically: trimaran planing hull with steps has only one resistance peak and its resistance increases along with its speed increasing, and the resistance is improved at the increasing speed as the number of steps increases
4

Cadmium effects on mineral accumulation and selected physiological and biochemical characters of Salix babylonica L.

81%
Quyang J., Li B., Shang X., Zou J.
Polish Journal of Environmental Studies
|
2017
|
tom 26
|
nr 6
To understand the phytoremediation capability of Cd by Salix babylonica L. we studied Cd accumulation and translocation, antioxidant enzyme activities, lipid peroxidation, and soluble protein contents in S. babylonica exposed to 10, 50, and 100 μM Cd for 7, 14, 21, and 28 d. The results indicated that seedling growth was accelerated by 10 μM Cd, and significantly inhibited by 50 and 100 μM Cd. The contents of Fe and Mn decreased significantly. The superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in roots exposed to Cd was significantly higher than that in leaves. The level of peroxidase (POD) was significantly higher than that of control except for the roots treated with 10 and 50 μM Cd on day 28. POD activity in leaves was lower than that in roots. The level of catalase (CAT) was significantly lower than that of control. At 100 μM Cd, malondialdehyde (MDA) content increased significantly during the whole experiment. 50 μM Cd could induce high content of MDA in leaves. In general, the contents of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), superoxide anion (O₂·-), and soluble protein showed an increasing trend. S. babylonica could be an efficient phytoextraction plant as it had considerable ability to accumulate Cd.
5

Effects of calcium on the alleviation of cadmium toxicity in Salix matsudana and its effects on other minerals

81%
Shang X., Xue W., Jiang Y., Zou J.
Polish Journal of Environmental Studies
|
2020
|
tom 29
|
nr 2
6
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Effects of cadmium stress on root tip cells and some physiological indexes in Allium cepa var. agrogarum L.

81%
Zou J., Yue J., Jiang W., Liu D.
Acta Biologica Cracoviensia. Series Botanica
|
2012
|
tom 54
|
nr 1
Allium cepa var. agrogarum L. seedlings grown in nutrient solution were subjected to increasing concentrations of Cd2+ (0, 1, 10, 100 μM). Variation in tolerance to cadmium toxicity was studied based on chromosome aberrations, nucleoli structure and reconstruction of root tip cells, Cd accumulation and mineral metabolism, lipid peroxidation, and changes in the antioxidative defense system (SOD, CAT, POD) in leaves and roots of the seedlings. Cd induced chromosome aberrations including C-mitoses, chromosome bridges, chromosome fragments and chromosome stickiness. Cd induced the production of some particles of argyrophilic proteins scattered in the nuclei and even extruded from the nucleoli into the cytoplasm after a high Cd concentration or prolonged Cd stress, and nucleolar reconstruction was inhibited. In Cd2+-treated Allium cepa var. agrogarum plants the metal was largely restricted to the roots; very little of it was transported to aerial parts. Adding Cd2+ to the nutrient solution affected mineral metabolism. For example, at 100 μM Cd it reduced the levels of Mn, Cu and Zn in roots, bulbs and leaves. Malondialdehyde content in roots and leaves increased with treatment time and increased concentration of Cd. Antioxidant enzymes appear to play a key role in resistance to Cd under stress conditions.
7

Chromium accumulation and its effects on other mineral elements in Amaranthus viridis L.

81%
Zou J., Wang M., Jiang W., Liu D.
Acta Biologica Cracoviensia. Series Botanica
|
2006
|
tom 48
|
nr 1
Chromium accumulation and its effects on other mineral elements in Amaranthus viridis L. were investigated using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) and resin adsorption. The aim was to understand why A. viridis can grow well in soils heavily contaminated by Cr, what the forms of Cr in soils and residues are, and what effects Cr has on the distribution of Mn. Fe, Cu and Zn in the plant. The results indicated that A. viridis is not a hyperaccumulator, although it can grow well in soil containing a high concentration of Cr. The Cr concentration in plant tissues from a contaminated site was about 11 times higher than in those from an uncontaminated site. At both the contaminated and uncontaminated sites, Cr was accumulated primarily in its shoots, and in roots in much lower concentrations. The levels of Cr in A. viridis tissues were as follows: leaf > root > stem. Cr occurred predominantly as Cr(III). There was very little Cr(VI) in the polluted soil where A. viridis grew close to a waste heap discarded by a chromium(VI) production factory. The possible mechanisms for Cr accumulation of A. viridis and the effects of Cr on uptake and accumulation of the other mineral elements in A. viridis are briefly discussed.
8

Response to NaCl stress in salix matsudana koidz seedlings

71%
Li B., Ouyang J., Li C., Shang X., Zou J.
Polish Journal of Environmental Studies
|
2018
|
tom 27
|
nr 2
The effects of different NaCl concentrations (0.1, 0.2, and 0.4%) on plant growth, the enzymatic antioxidant system, lipid peroxidation, and cell damage were investigated in Salix matsudana Koidz to better understand the tolerant mechanism under NaCl stress. The results indicate that cell damage was induced in roots by NaCl stress as early as after just 1 h of exposure, which increased with increasing NaCl concentration and prolonged treatment. The activities of SOD, POD, and CAT in S. matsudana under NaCl stress were enhanced except for the SOD activity in leaves under 0.4% NaCl at day 28, and CAT activities in leaves exposed to 0.4% NaCl on days 21 and 28. NaCl exposure caused increasing O₂⁻ and H₂O₂ contents. The MDA content in roots exposed to 0.2 and 0.4% NaCl increased except for that in 0.2% NaCl on day 14 compared with control. The MDA level in leaves of control was lower than that of all NaCl treatments. The soluble protein contents in roots increased significantly (P<0.05), except for that 0.1% NaCl during days 21 to 28. It increased significantly in leaves exposed to 0.4% NaCl, but decreased sharply at day 28.
9

Test studies of the resistance and seakeeping performance of a trimaran planing hull

71%
Ma W., Sun H., Sun H., Zou J., Zhuang J.
Polish Maritime Research
|
2015
|
tom 22
|
nr 1
Towing tank tests in calm water were performed on a trimaran planing hull to verify its navigational properties with different displacements and centres of gravity, as well as to assess the effects of air jets and bilge keels on the hull’s planing capabilities, and to increase the longitudinal stability of the hull. Hydrostatic roll tests, zero speed tests, and sea trials in the presence of regular waves were conducted to investigate the hull’s seakeeping ability. The test results indicate that the influence of the location of the centre of gravity on the hull resistance is similar to that of a normal trimaran planing hull; namely, moving the centre of gravity backward will reduce the resistance but lower the stability. Bilge keels improve the longitudinal stability but slightly affect the resistance, and the presence of air jets in the hull’s channels decreases the trim angle and increases heaving but has little effect on the resistance. Frequent small-angle rolling occurs in waves. The heaving and pitching motions peak at the encounter frequency of , and the peaks increase with velocity and move towards greater encounter frequencies. When the encounter frequency exceeds, the hull motion decreases, which leads to changes in the navigation speed and frequency
10

Antioxidant response system and chlorophyll fluorescence in chromium [VI] - treated Zea mays L. seedlings

71%
Zou J., Yu K., Zhang Z., Jiang W., Liu D.
Acta Biologica Cracoviensia. Series Botanica
|
2009
|
tom 51
|
nr 1
23-33
The effects of different concentrations of Cr(VI) (1 µM, 10 µM, 100 µM) applied for 7, 14 or 21 days on initiation of high lipid peroxidation level (POL) and consequent changes in the enzymatic-antioxidant protective system and minimization of photosystem II (PSII) activity were studied in maize seedlings. Chromium (VI) caused an increase in the electrical conductivity of the cell membrane, and malondialdehyde (MDA) content (a peroxidation product) reflected peroxidation of membrane lipids leading to the loss of the membrane's selective permeability. It also induced distinct and significant changes in antioxidant enzyme activity. Versus the control, superoxide dismutase (SOD, EC 1.15.1.1.), catalase (CAT, EC 1.11.1.6.) and peroxidase (POD, EC 1.11.1.11.) activity in maize seedling roots and leaves was progressively enhanced by the different Cr(VI) doses and stress periods, except for decreases in SOD and POD activity in leaves exposed to 100 µM Cr(VI) for 21 days. The different Cr(VI) concentrations changed chlorophyll (chl) content differently. The 10 µM and 100 µM doses of Cr(VI) decreased the chl a/b ratio and quenched the chl a fluorescence emission spectra. These effects reflect disturbance of the structure, composition and function of the photosynthetic apparatus as well as PSII activity.
11

Numerical simulation of the ducted propeller and application to a semi-submerged vehicle

71%
Zou J., Tan G., Sun H., Xu J., Hou Y.
Polish Maritime Research
|
2020
|
tom 27
|
nr 2
12

Ultrastructural and photosynthetic response of Populus 107 leaves to cadmium stress

71%
Ge W., Jiao Y., Zou J., Jiang W., Liu D.
Polish Journal of Environmental Studies
|
2015
|
tom 24
|
nr 2
As Populus 107 is an efficient phytoextraction plant, it was used in the present investigation in order to better understand the mechanisms of detoxification and tolerance of Cd. Cd-induced impacts on photosynthetic parameters (chlorophyll content, soluble protein, and chlorophyll fluorescence) and ultrastructural changes in leaves of Populus 107 exposed to 50 μM, 100 μM, and 500 μM for 40 days were carried out. The results showed that in the Cd-treated cells, almost all the chloroplasts seemed to be affected. Cd induced several significant ultrastructural changes, including swollen chloroplast thylakoids, dissolved thylakoid grana, disintegrated chloroplasts, and numerous plastoglobuli in chloroplasts. Data from chlorophyll fluorescence showed that Fv/Fm, Fv ’/Fm’, ΦPSII, ETR, and qP decreased while qN increased in leaves of Populus 107 exposed to Cd when compared to control. The content of soluble protein increased with increasing Cd concentration and declined with prolonged duration of treatment. The soluble protein content in leaves treated with 50 μM Cd reached the maximum, which was 14.29% more than that of control. The content in leaves exposed to 500 μM Cd were only 61.76% of control. At the end of the experiment the contents of chlorophyll a, b, and a+b of Populus 107 treated with 500 μM Cd decreased to the minimum, which were 47.69%, 37.10%, and 45.49% of control, and respectively, and significantly (P < 0.05) lower than control. The toxic mechanisms of Cd are briefly explained.
13

Cadmium’s effect on the organization of microtubular cytoskeleton in root tips cells of salix matsudana koidz

61%
Zou J., Wang G., Ji J., Wang J., Ouyang J., Li B.
Polish Journal of Environmental Studies
|
2018
|
tom 27
|
nr 2
The toxic effects of Cd on microtubule (MT) organization in root tip cells of S. matsudana were investigated in the present study using tubulin immunolabeling and fluorescence microscopy. Cell damage and expression level of the SmTUA1 gene in the root tips were also examined by means of propidium iodide (PI) staining and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) technology. The MT arrays were very sensitive to Cd. At interphase, under 50 μmol/L Cd treatment for 48 h, some cortical MTs were discontinuous, inducing numbers of differently sized fragments. With increased Cd concentrations and duration of treatment, peripheral MTs appeared to be broken gradually, and the degree of disorder was enhanced. Spindle fibers even formed condensed MT at 10 μmol/L Cd for 48 h. During anaphase/telophase, there was a small part of MT absent, MT fibers were stuck to each other (even forming lumps) and could not form phragmoplast at 50 μmol/L Cd for 48 h. The cell damage of S. matsudana root tips increased with enhanced Cd concentrations and prolonged treatment time. Expression level of SmTUA1 analyzed by qRT-PCR further validated the results by indirect immunofluorescence staining. The data obtained here will be very useful to understand the mechanisms of Cd-induced cell toxicity.
14

Effects of aluminum on nucleoli in root tip cells, root growth and the antioxidant defense system in Vicia faba L.

61%
Zhang H., Zhang S., Meng Q., Zou J., Jiang W., Liu D.
Acta Biologica Cracoviensia. Series Botanica
|
2009
|
tom 51
|
nr 2
99-106
The effects of different concentrations of Al (10 μM, 50 μM, 100 μM) on nucleoli in root tip cells, root growth, antioxidant enzyme activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content were investigated in hydroponically grown Vicia faba L. Aluminum significantly inhibited root growth of V. faba treated with 50 μM and 100 μM Al. In the nucleolus in root tip cells, some particulates containing argyrophilic proteins were extruded from the nucleus into the cytoplasm, and some were scattered in the nucleus after Al stress. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in leaves and roots exposed to different concentrations of Al was mostly higher than in the control. Seedlings exposed to 100 μM Al showed significantly higher peroxidase (POD) activity in roots than in the control. POD activity increased much more in roots than in leaves. Catalase (CAT) activity was lower in roots than in leaves. Malondialdehyde (MDA) content in leaves and roots of plants exposed to 50 μM and 100 μM Al was significantly higher than in the other groups and the control at 6 to 9 days of treatment. These results suggest that alterations in nucleoli and altered antioxidant enzyme activity and MDA content in V. faba can serve as useful biomarkers for detection of Al toxicity. The mechanisms of Al toxicity and tolerance in V. faba are briefly discussed
15

Motion prediction of catamaran with a semi-submersible bow in wave

61%
Sun H., Jing F., Jiang Y., Zou J., Zhuang J., Ma W.
Polish Maritime Research
|
2016
|
tom 23
|
nr 1
Compared with standard vessels, a slender catamaran with a semi-submerged bow (SSB) demonstrates superior seakeeping performance. To predict the motion of an SSB catamaran, computational fluid dynamics methods are adopted in this study and results are validated through small-scale model tests. The pitch, heave, and vertical acceleration are calculated at various wavelengths and speeds. Based on the overset grid and motion region methods, this study obtains the motion responses of an SSB catamaran in regular head waves. The results of the numerical studies are validated with the experimental data and show that the overset grid method is more accurate in predicting the motion of an SSB catamaran; the errors can be controlled within 20%. The movement data in regular waves shows that at a constant speed, the motion response initially increases and then decreases with increasing wavelength. This motion response peak is due to the encountering frequency being close to the natural frequency. Under identical sea conditions, the motion response increases with the increasing Froude number. The motion prediction results, that derive from a shortterm irregular sea state, show that there is an optimal speed range that can effectively reduce the amplitude of motion
16

Uptake and accumulation of cadmium and relative gene expression in roots of Cd-resistant Salix matsudana koidz

61%
Wu H., Wang J., Li B., Ou Y., Jang W., Liu D., Zou J.
Polish Journal of Environmental Studies
|
2016
|
tom 25
|
nr 6
Salix matsudana is thought to be an ideal woody plant for use in phytoremediation programs in China. This study deals with the characterization of early responses to Cd in accumulation and its effects on other metals, and relative gene expression in roots exposed to 50 μM of Cd for 1 to 24 hours. The Cd content in roots exposed to Cd for 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 hours of treatment was approximately 280, 587, 605, 622, and 795 μg/g DW, respectively. After 24 hours, Cd stress caused a decrease of iron (Fe) (34.1%), manganese (Mn) (60.1%), zinc (Zn) (40.7%) and calcium (Ca) (26.5%). After 24 hours of exposure, the relative expression of IRT1 was 6.7 times that of control treatment (P<0.05). A 160.8% increase was detected for the relative expression of NRAMP1 after exposure to Cd treatment for one hour. After three hours of stress, the expression of ZIP1 was 10 times that of control (P<0.05). The tolerance of plants to Cd involves gene expression, protein modification, and alterations in the coordination of major and secondary metabolites, which is a complex physiological and biochemical process.
17

Effects of cadmium on mineral metabolism and antioxidant enzyme activities in Salix matsudana Koidz

61%
Zou J., Shang X., Li C., Ouyang J., Li B., Liu X.
Polish Journal of Environmental Studies
|
2019
|
tom 28
|
nr 2
Salix matsudana Koidz was exposed to different concentrations of Cd (0, 10, 50, and 100 µmol/L) to study the effects of Cd on mineral metabolism and antioxidant enzyme activities. The results showed that plant height and root length were inhibited by 50 and 100 µmol/L Cd, except the one under 10 µmol/L Cd treatment. The Cd content accumulated in different organs of S. matsudana, gradually increasing with increased Cd concentrations and prolonged treatment times. The root was the main organ for absorbing and accumulating Cd. Cd inhibited the accumulation of Fe, Zn, Mn, and Cu. In addition, the activities of antioxidant enzymes and the contents of reactive oxygen species were also changed by different concentrations of Cd. The results obtained here can provide scientific and objective data for the use of S. matsudana in the remediation of Cd-contaminated soil.
18

Beta-Amino-butyric acid protects Arabidopsis against low potassium stress

51%
Cao S., Jiang L., Yuan H., Jian H., Ren G., Bian X., Zou J., Chen Z.
Acta Physiologiae Plantarum
|
2008
|
tom 30
|
nr 3
Potassium (K+) is an essential element for plant growth and development. Under low-K+ stress, Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants show K+-deficient symptoms, typically leaf chlorosis and subsequent inhibition of plant growth and development. The nonprotein amino acid b-amino-butyric acid (BABA) has been shown to have roles in protecting Arabidopsis against various pathogens as well as drought, high salinity, and cadmium stresses; However, little is known about the role of BABA in protecting Arabidopsis against low-K+ stress. Here, we showed that BABA protects Arabidopsis against low-K+ stress by increasing K+ uptake under low-K+ condition. Leaf chlorosis of plants subjected to low-K+ stress was abolished by BABA pretreatment, as indicated by a lower reduction in chlorophyll content in BABA-treated plants than watertreated plants. Low-K+ stress-induced decreases in both lateral root length and the numbers of lateral roots were improved by BABA pretreatment. In addition, under low-K+ stress, a significantly higher K+ concentration was detected in BABA-pretreated plants than in watertreated plants, and the transcript levels of AtHAK5 and LKS1 genes involved in K+ uptake in BABA-treated plants were higher than those of water-treated plants. Taken together, our results suggest that BABA plays a role in enhancing low-K+ stress tolerance by increasing K+ uptake, at least in part, via modulation of AtHAK5 and LKS1 under low-K+ condition.
19

In vitro observation of the stage conversion of transgenic Toxoplasma gondii RH strain expressing dual fluorescent proteins

51%
Song Q., Sun X., Ji Y., Yan X., Zou J., Zhao S., Suo X., Zhu X., Liu X.
Acta Parasitologica
|
2016
|
tom 61
|
nr 3
20

Salix matsudana Koidz tolerance mechanisms to cadmium: uptake and accumulation, subcellular distribution, and chemical forms

51%
Wu H., Wang J., Li B., Ou Y., Wang J., Shi Q., Jiang W., Liu D., Zou J.
Polish Journal of Environmental Studies
|
2016
|
tom 25
|
nr 4
Salix matsudana roots exposed to 10, 50, and 100 μM Cd solutions for 24 h were carried out in order to understand the mechanisms involved in Cd tolerance and detoxification. 50 and 100 μM Cd inhibited root length significantly (P < 0.05). Cd levels in roots increased significantly with increasing Cd concentrations, and the contents of Fe, Mn, Zn, and Ca decreased significantly. A Cd-specific Leadmium Green AM dye probe showed that the meristem zone was the absorption and accumulation site of Cd in the roots. Subcellular fractionation of Cd-containing tissues indicated that about 53% of the Cd was accumulated in the cell wall of S. matsudana roots at 10 μM Cd and 65% of the Cd at 100 μM Cd, indicating that Cd binding and/or precipitation in the cell wall in roots may serve as the first barrier to reduce the cytosolic-free Cd ions. The proportion of CdE and Cdw in roots is low when compared with the other Cd chemical forms. CdHCl, Cdr, and CdHAc represent 46% (10 μM Cd), 49% (50 μM Cd), and 59% (100 μM Cd) of total Cd, and CdNaCl represents 42% (10 μM Cd), 44% (50 μM Cd), and 32% (100 μM Cd).
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