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The ETHYLENE-INSENSITIVE3 (EIN3)/EIN3- Like (EIL) EIN3/EILs, novel nuclear proteins, are located at the downstream position of the ethylene signal transduction pathway. LeEIL1, which is expressed in fruit throughout ripening, is key transcription factor in the ethylene signaling pathway in tomato. To reveal its function, the LeEIL1 gene has been transformed into and expressed in the ein2 mutant of Arabidopsis. The expression levels of the transgene in the single copy line, LeEIL1-ein2-b, were higher than those in the multiple-copy line, LeEIL1-ein2-a. The ethylene-insensitive phenotype of the ein2 mutant plants has been partially recovered by expression of LeEIL1. The florescence of LeEIL1-ein2-a and LeEIL1- ein2-b exceeded that of the ein2 mutant but was still less than that of wild type of Arabidopsis. The expression of four pathology-related genes (AtPR3, 4, AtPDF1.2 and AtGST2) has been analyzed in LeEIL1 transgenic ein2 mutant plants. The expression of AtPR3 and AtPR4, which was reduced in the ein2 mutant, was enhanced in the two transgenic Arabidopsis plants. The expression of the AtPDF1.2 gene was unaffected in the two transgenic Arabidopsis lines, the ein2 mutant and wild-type Arabidopsis plants. In addition, the expression level of AtGST2 in transgenic Arabidopsis plants was lower even than that in ein2 mutant and wild-type Arabidopsis plants.
Floral scent is an important part of volatile compounds emitted from plants, and is influenced by many environmental factors. In this study, the floral scent emitted from Lilium ‘siberia’, a common breed of lily, was collected by dynamic headspace at different levels of light intensity (0, 100, 300, 600, 1,000, and 1,500 μmol m-2 s-1) and temperature (10, 20, 30, and 40 ºC). Using the automated thermal desorption-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (ATD-GC/MS) technique, the components and release amounts were subsequently identified to investigate the influence of light and temperature on the emission of floral scent. The results revealed that the numbers and release amounts of floral scent components were significantly influenced by light intensity and temperature, showing the similar pattern: first increasing and then decreasing. After light intensity treatment, the maximum numbers and release amounts mainly appeared at 600 and 1,000 μmol m-2 s-1. For temperature treatment, 30 ºC resulted in the highest numbers and release amounts of the floral scent components. At different levels of light intensity and temperature, terpenoid compounds showed the highest numbers and release amounts among the component categories. a-Ocimene and linalool were the two terpenoid compounds with the highest release amounts, and accounted for the highest proportion. The results obtained provide evidence that both light intensity and temperature trigger the emission of floral scent. The particular response mechanisms must be investigated in future research.
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