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Microspores were cultured on the modified B₅ liquid medium containing 2.4D (0.1 mg L⁻¹), NAA (0.1 mg L ⁻¹), L-glutamine (500 mg L⁻¹), L-serine (100 mg L⁻¹), and sucrose (100 g L⁻¹). The developmental stages of microspores and divisions were observed. Initially, the formation of binuclear and multicellular structures was noticed. Plants regenerated in the cultures in which the tetrad stage of microsporogenesis had predominated. Embryoids were still forming 24 weeks after the cultures were set up. Six weeks after the transfer of androgenetic embryos onto the B₅ regeneration medium, they were converted into complete plants. Out of 90 androgenetic plants planted in a growth chamber, 42 plants adapted to the new conditions. All of those plants proved to be diploids in cytometric analysis.
The influence of cultivar, donor plant and culture procedure on the efficiency of androgenesis was studied in carrot anther culture. Experiments were carried out on five carrot cultivars: CxC 9900 F₁, Lucky B F₁, HCM, Beta III and Perfekcja, which were chosen because of their high carotene contents. Two procedures of anther culture were compared: (1) incubation in darkness for two weeks, followed by exposure to continuous light and transfer onto a fresh medium of the same composition; and (2) incubation in darkness until embryos appeared, without transfer onto a fresh medium. Temperature was +27°C all the time. Genotype played an important role in the process of androgenesis in carrot anther culture.The efficiency was the highest in cv. HCM - 5.6 embryos per 100 anthers. Considerable differences in the capacity for androgenesis were observed between individual donor plants. The ratio of embryos obtained per 100 anthers for cv. HCM varied from 0.0 to 48.9. The second procedure of anther culture proved to be more efficient, cheaper and less complicated.
The research concerned of the regeneration of plants from embryos obtained from anther cultures of seven carrot (Daucus carota L.) cultivars. The aim was to determine the influence of the regeneration medium on the efficiency of the regeneration process. The optimization of the adaptation of the obtained plants was also carried out. Embryogenesis occurred on four of the tested media: B₅ and MS without hormones, MS with charcoal, and MS with 1 mg dm⁻³ BA and 0.001 mg dm⁻³ NAA. Embryos obtained from the anther cultures produced secondary embryos, from which the regenerations of plants was observed. Secondary embryos were formed most extensively on the B₅ medium without hormones. The efficiency of the regeneration process depended on the cultivar. Most of the secondary embryos were formed by androgenetic embryos of the cultivar ‘Feria F₁’. The highest number of plants (102) regenerated from one embryo during 12 weeks of culture was also obtained in case of the cultivar ‘Feria F₁’. Secondary embryogenesis and plant regeneration from embryos allow to omit the difficult stage of root induction applied when plants are regenerated form shoots’ explants. This makes the plant regeneration process quicker and easier. The plants regenerated by the conversion of embryos are better adapted to the ex vitro conditions than those obtained in the two-stage organogenesis involving the regeneration of shoots and in second stage roots induction.
Androgenic Brussels sprout plants were produced by the use of anther culture from the donor cultivar „Philemon F₁ ” A total of 96 plants obtained from 20 androgenic R₀ genotypes assigned as diploids were evaluated both in the generative and vegetative stage, in respect of their morphological characters: mean plant height; leaf size, colour and waxiness; leaf blade shape, blistering and attitude; number of sprouts; as well as their self-incompatibility and fertility. Androgenic R₀ plants derived from each of the 20 embryos were highly diversified and differed from the donor in one or more morphological traits in the vegetative stage. Evaluated populations also varied in fertility and self-incompatibility. Six androgenic genotypes that set a sufficient amount of seeds of the R₁ generation and „Philemon F₁ ” were evaluated in the field in respect of plant height, total and marketable yield per plot, shape of stem with sprouts, shape and density of sprouts, and spacing between sprouts. Only four diploid R₀ and R₁ populations may have some value for further breeding, as they are characterised by good vigour, high or medium ability for sprout generation, and sufficient fertility.
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