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1

Removal of steroid hormones from plasma by millipore CX 10 immersible filters

100%
Einer-Jensen N.
Acta Physiologica Polonica
|
1986
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tom 37
|
nr 2
2

Local transfer of substances between the blood vessels at the base of the brain

63%
Skipor J., Einer-Jensen N.
Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences
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2006
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tom 15
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nr 4
543-553
Studies performed on a variety of species (pigs, sheep, rabbits, rats) indicate the existence of a local transfer system of substances between blood vessels located at the base of the cranium (the cavernous sinus - carotid artery vascular complex). This local transfer allows for some hormones synthesized in the brain and hypophysis, as well as biologically active substances absorbed from the nasal mucosa, and drained to the cavernous sinus to reach the brain vasculature in a concentration locally higher than that measured in systemic circulation. The present paper gives an overview of: 1. the major anatomical structure engaged in the transfer, 2. experimental evidence for substance transfer in the vascular complex, 3. factors affecting the transfer and 4. possible physiological importance.
3

Local vascular pathway for progesterone transfer to the brain after nasal administration in gilts

51%
Skipor J., Grzegorzewski W., Einer-Jensen N., Wasowska B.
Reproductive Biology
|
2003
|
tom 03
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nr 2
4
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Counter current transfer in the female adnex

51%
Einer-Jensen N., McCracken J. A., Schram W., Bendz A.
Acta Physiologica Polonica
|
1989
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tom 40
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nr 1
Einer-Jensen, N., McCracken, J. A., Schram, W. and Bendz, A.: Counter current transfer in the female adnex. Adta physiol, pol., 1989, 40 (1): 3-11. The utero-ovarian veins and lymph vessels are intimately connected with the ovarian artery in the human female and in domestic animals, with the exception of the horse and the human female. A direct, local exchange of molecules from veins and lywtph vessels to arteries (counter current transfer) has been documented for this anatomic structore. Countercurrent transfer of certain inert gasses (¹³⁸ хеnоn, ⁸⁵ krypton), of prostaglandins (PGF₂ ₐᾳ ), of steroid hormones (e.g. progesterone, estradiol, testosterone), and of small peptide hormones (oxytocin, relaxin) has been shown to occur in laboratory and domestic animals a.s well as in the human female. The transfer of the inert gasses takes place within seconds. The transfer of steroid hormones and peptides is detectable within minutes while the transfer of PGF₂ ᾳ is delayed for 20 minutes. Red blood cells or albumin are not transferred. The existence of the local transfer is postulated to be of importance for: 1)the pregnancy/non-pregnancy signal from the uterus and tube to the ovary. The signal may be a combination of a liuteotrophic signal from the embryo and lack of a "non-pregnant'' luteolyitic signal from the endometrium, the latter probably being PGF₂ ᾳ in some species; 2)the unilateral influence of the ovarian hormones on the function of the ovarian, tubal, and possibly uterine tissues. An active corpus luteum may create in a mono-ovulatory animal a higher progesterone level in arterial blood supplying the ipsilateral tube and ovarian interstitial tissue than on equivalent contralateral organs.
5

Local transport of testosterone from the nasal mucosa to the carotid blood and the brain in the pig

51%
Skipor J., Grzegorzewski W., Krzymowski T., Einer-Jensen N.
Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences
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2000
|
tom 03
|
nr 1
Local counter current transfer of substances between venous and arterial vessels has been found in the perihypophyseal vascular complex after administration into the supraorbital vein. The present experiments investigate whether similar transfer could be found after nasal administration of testosterone. Experiments were conducted on the model of isolated pig's head perfused with autologous blood through one carotid artery. Tritium labelled testosterone was infused onto the nasal mucous. Radioactivity was measured in blood samples collected from the contralateral carotid artery (indicator of transfer), in the venous effluent from the jugular veins (indicator of absorption), and in tissue samples from the olfactory bulb, olfactory triangle, hypothalamus, mammillary body, cortex, pons, cerebellum, neurohypophysis, adenohypophysis, pia vessels and perihypophyseal vascular complex. The absorption was 11.4 ±4.6 per cent (mean ± SEM) and 0.4 ±0.3 per cent of the instilled testosterone was transferred during the 25 min collection period. The uptake of radioactivity was seen in many of the brain tissue samples representing the brain, pituitary, pia vessels and cavernous sinus - carotid rete complex, although a clear pattern was not seen. Nasally administered drugs may thus reach the brain in a relatively higher concentration than it reaches the rest of the body. This makes targeted treatment of the brain a distinct possibility. Additionally, the treatment will decrease the first-passage metabolism in the liver.
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