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1,3-propanediol (1,3-PD) is the important product used in chemical industry. Microbiological synthesis of 1,3-PD from crude glycerol is a good solution, both from an economic and environmental point of view. The aim of this work was to investigate the ef­fect of raw material (pure and crude glycerol) on the efficiency of the synthesis of 1,3-PD by the bacteria Clostridium butyricum DSP1 and Clostridium butyricum DO14 isolated from the samples taken from natural environment. Two strains of C. butyricum were simul­taneously investigated. The obtained results showed that the concentration of 1,3-PD was slightly lower in the case of crude glycerol than in pure glycerol, for both strains. Moreover, waste glycerol was not completely utilized.
Fuel ethanol production, using a simultaneous saccharification and fermentation process (SSF) of native starch from corn flour, has been performed using Saccharomyces cerevisiae and a granular starch hydrolyzing enzyme. The quantitative effects of mash concentration, enzyme dose and pH were investigated with the use of a Box-Wilson central composite design protocol. Proceeding from results obtained in optimal fermentation conditions, a kinetics model relating the utilization rates of starch and glucose as well as the production rates of ethanol and biomass was tested. Moreover, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was applied to investigate corn starch granule surface after the SFF process. A maximum ethanol concentration of 110.36 g/l was obtained for native corn starch using a mash concentration of 25%, which resulted in ethanol yield of 85.71%. The optimal conditions for the above yield were found with an enzyme dose of 2.05 ml/kg and pH of 5.0. These results indicate that by using a central composite design, it is possible to determine optimal values of the fermentation parameters for maximum ethanol production. The investigated kinetics model can be used to describe SSF process conducted with granular starch hydrolyzing enzymes. The SEM micrographs reveal randomly distributed holes on the surface of granules.
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