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This study aimed to investigate plasticity of different plant traits to varied light and water availability. A greenhouse experiment was conducted with Quercus aliena seedlings with two light and four soil water levels. Plant traits related to leaf physiology, morphology, anatomy, and biomass production were determined. The results showed that plant size had significant effects on leaf area, leaf number, shoot height, basal diameter and crown area. After excluding the influence of plant size, water treatment had stronger effects on plants compared to light levels, and their interaction effect was significant. The limited water supply significantly inhibited leaf photosynthetic rate and the fluorescence efficiency under high light. However, leaves submitted to moderate drought stress showed enhanced fluorescence activity under shade condition. Grand plasticity of leaf physiology and growth was the highest, followed by biomass allocation and leaf morphology, and lastly anatomy, and this ranking did not change as resources considered. Among the variables, leaf petiole length, chlorophyll content and leaf area could be selected as candidates for estimation of species’ plasticity to water, light and their interaction, respectively. Therefore, our results suggested that there was a hierarchy existing among traits plasticity in Q. aliena, and supported the aboveground facilitation hypothesis that shade could alleviate the adverse effect of drought.
Serpins are a broadly distributed family of protease inhibitors. In this study, the gene encoding Bombyx mori serpin-2 (Bmserpin-2) was cloned and expressed in E. coli. The Bmserpin-2 cDNA contains a 1125 bp open reading frame (ORF). The deduced protein has 374 amino-acid residues, contains a conserved SERPIN domain and shares extensive homology with other invertebrate serpins. RT-PCR analysis showed that Bmserpin-2 was expressed in all developmental stages of B. mori larvae and various larval tissues. Subcellular localization analysis indicated that Bmserpin-2 protein was located in the cytoplasm. Interestingly, real-time quantitative PCR revealed that the expression of Bmserpin-2 in the midgut of susceptible B. mori strain 306 significantly increased at 72 hours post inoculation (hpi) when infected with BmNPV. However, there was no significant increase of the Bmserpin-2 expression in resistant strain NB infected with BmNPV. Thus, our data indicates that Bmserpin-2 may be involved in B. mori antiviral response.
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