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The main focus of the study is on evaluation, from entrepreneurs perspective, of the current and the future desired level of activity on the part of the state for creating favorable conditions for accommodation and food facilities’ development within the Lublin province. In April and May 2013, in the Lublin province a sample of 317 accommodation and food companies was interviewed through computer-assisted web interview (CAWI). According to the entrepreneurs the state shows little involvement in creating solutions facilitating business activities. Among the most severely criticized the following were indicated: tourism and fiscal policies, and too high charges imposed on employers on account of employing workers. Changes are needed in these areas. Many of the interviewed claimed that in the future the state should intensify activities aimed at both para-tourist and tourist infrastructure development.
Przedmiotem i celem pracy jest problem młodych rolników Polski na tle sytuacji w Unii Europejskiej ukazany od strony teoretycznej, ich roli w rolnictwie krajowym i europejskim, wsparcia przez wspólną politykę rolną i krajową politykę rolną oraz form i efektów wsparcia. Praca opiera się na analizach literatury, unijnych i krajowych dokumentach prawnych, informacjach branżowych i statystycznych. Główne efekty pracy odnoszą się do problemu definiowania młodych rolników, określenia formy i zakresu udzielanej im pomocy oraz cech, postaw i efektów gospodarowania przez tę grupę rolników w Polsce. Ważnym efektem poznawczym jest analiza wniosków składanych przez młodych rolników oraz wyników ich rozpatrywania przez instytucje krajowe oraz weryfikacji przyznanej pomocy i wypłat. Głównym wnioskiem jest wskazanie na potrzebę rozpatrywania i rozwiązywania problemu młodych rolników w powiązaniu z innymi problemami społeczno-ekonomicznymi wsi m.in. z problemem ludzi starych.
Jednym z głównych celów integracji europejskiej jest redukcja dysproporcji rozwojowych określana mianem konwergencji. Konwergencja występuje w dwóch formach jako konwergencja sigma i konwergencja beta. Konwergencja sigma oznacza zmniejszenie z biegiem czasu dyspersji i zróżnicowania, istotą konwergencji beta jest szybszy rozwój regionów czy krajów słabiej rozwiniętych, co skutkuje efektem doganiania. Celem artykułu jest badanie konwergencji poziomu rozwoju sektorów gospodarki wiejskiej w regionach Polski w latach 2003-2014. Wyniki ekonomiczne, w kontekście rozmiaru pozyskanych środków z funduszy europejskich, mierzone wartością dodaną brutto: rolnictwa, leśnictwa, łowiectwa i rybactwa, pozyskano z Banku Danych Lokalnych. Dane o wartości wykorzystanych środków uzyskano z Agencji Restrukturyzacji i Modernizacji Rolnictwa. Do analizy wykorzystano metody statystyczne opisujące stan zróżnicowania regionów oraz funkcję regresji. Badania potwierdziły częściowe wystąpienie zjawiska konwergencji produktywności pracy w sektorach wiejskich polskich regionów i dodatnią korelację wartości dodanej brutto z wysokością pozyskanych środków z funduszy europejskich.
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Uczelnie pełnią misję odkrywania i przekazywania wiedzy, rozwoju kompetencji poprzez prowadzenie badań i kształcenie studentów. Podjęcie decyzji o studiach wyższych w grupie osób z obszarów wiejskich ma na celu eliminację predyspozycji wykluczenia edukacyjnego. Celem artykułu jest budowa profilu studenta z obszaru wiejskiego z uwzględnieniem płci w kontekście zaspokajania potrzeb i aspiracji edukacyjnych, służących zapewnieniu bezpieczeństwa edukacyjnego. Przy tworzeniu profilu studenta wzięto pod uwagę tylko te cechy, w których wystąpiła zależność istotna statystycznie w odniesieniu do płci. Wyniki analiz wpisują się w badania prowadzone od lat 70. XX wieku w Polsce. Zgodność wyników badań dotyczy powodów podjęcia studiów, motywów wyboru kierunków studiów oraz źródeł informacji.
The aim of this study was to analyze the seroprevalence of rubella and cytomegalia among young women. The study included 175 healthy women from the Biała Podlaska District, aged 16 to 35 years. Anti-rubella and anti-CMV IgG were determined by ELISA. 172 (98.3%) study subjects tested positive for rubella antibodies, 1 (0.6%) was seroindeterminate and 2 (1.1%) were seronegative. CMV antibodies were detected in 119 (68.0%) participants; the series included also 1 (0.6%) seroindeterminate and 55 (31.4%) seronegative women. The levels of rubella and CMV antibodies were not significantly affected by age, place of residence and educational level of the study subjects.
The increasingly appreciated role of physical activity in societies concerned about their health requires proper assessment. The main tools for measuring the level of physical activity comprise some relevant questionnaires, among which the best known in the foreign literature is Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ). However, this questionnaire is not yet available in the Polish language version. The following article presents one such attempt that has taken into account the Polish conditions and lifestyle following the guidelines of the GPAQ Guide, which meets the recommendations of the World Health Organization (WHO). The source text was translated into Polish and then a reverse translation was made involving four steps.
Background. Understanding various dimensions of health is a key factor to properly identify health risks. The purpose of the research is to acquire knowledge concerning positive health and survival skills by the Ukrainian students of Medical Vocational School in Lutsk. Material and methods. The study group comprised 467 female students aged 15-25 years old who were the attendants of Postsecondary Vocational School in Lutsk on: Pharmacy, Medicine, Obstetrics, Nursing and Laboratory Diagnostics specialties. A subjective questionnaire was used, which focused on: somatic, mental and social health profiles together with survival skills. Results. The results indicated the intensification of individual profiles, with the highest value of social health. Somatic health identified HR as its highest index, for mental health it was tolerance and for social health- respecting basic values. When it comes to the survival skill health profile tolerating body imbalance obtained the highest index. Conclusions. Most of the specialties showed a domination of different health profiles, which allowed to demonstrate forms of self-reported health models from the specialties of Nursing and Medicine.
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Background. Numerous connections of physical activity with biological indicators and various diseases justify its place in the multifaceted theory of health, thus making it a health measure. The aim of the study was to learn about the physical activity declared by students at Belarusian universities – to determine its level and dominant areas. Material and methods. 739 people studying in Brest, Minsk, and Grodno (Belarus) were surveyed with the long version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Results. The total physical activity of the surveyed students amounted to 4840.5 metabolic equivalent of task (MET) min/week (median), which proves their significant involvement in the broadly understood physical culture. The dominant area of their physical activity proved to be work-related effort (median=1700.6 MET-min/week), while the lowest activity of the respondents was related to sport and recreation. The surveyed men showed higher MET-min/week rates in total physical activity and its components compared with women except for housework. In each of the analyzed variables (gender, Body Mass Index (BMI), selfassessment of physical fitness, and declared amount of spare time), there were statistically significant differences in the physical activity level of the surveyed students. Conclusions. The surveyed men proved to be more active than women in all domains of physical activity except for housework. Respondents with a BMI indicating overweight were more active than those with a normal BMI or those who were underweight. High self-esteem and declaration of lacking spare time are associated with high values of the MET-min/week index.
Background. Chronic back pain is one of the most common causes of disability. It is a civilisation disease and up to 75% of women over the age of 55 suffer from it. The aim of this study was to assess the degree of disability and limitations in the daily functioning of women with lumbar spine pain depending on socio-demographic factors. Material and methods. The study included a group of 274 professionally active women aged between 50 and 64 who come from Biała Podlaska, Poland, and the surrounding areas and who completed the Oswestry Disability Index. The responses showed functional limitations of the respondents during performing specific activities due to back pain. The respondents were characterised with regard to their age, place of residence, education and material status. The results were analysed statistically. Results. The most numerous group included women with moderate disability – 41.6%. Lower back pain intensifies when sitting, standing, walking, lifting objects and applies mainly to women from the oldest age group, women having secondary and lower education, women from the city and those whose financial situation is below the average. Conclusions. A socio-demographic factor that differentiates the degree of the women’s disability in a significant way is their material status – the better the financial situation, the less severe the disability. Socio-demographic factors – such as age, education and material status – are strong determinants of functional limitations caused by back pain: women from the oldest age group (60-64 years old) had the biggest problem with walking; women with secondary or lower education experienced difficulty sitting and walking; women whose financial situation is below the average suffered much more difficulties while lifting objects, sitting and socialising.
Background. The aim of the study was to evaluate the awareness of Lyme borreliosis prevention and exposure to ticks in non-medical students of 2 universities in Ternopil Region (Western Ukraine). Material and methods. The study was conducted by surveying 252 young persons studying at non-medical universities in Ternopil (Western Ukraine): 119 students of Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatyuk National Pedagogical University (TNPU) and 133 of Ternopil Ivan Puluj National Technical University (TNTU), aged 18-23 years old. All the participants completed а questionnaire. Results. The students of Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatyuk National Pedagogical University (TNPU) and Ternopil Ivan Puluj National Technical University (TNTU), Ternopil, understand that the risk of being infected with Lyme borreliosis does not only appear in forests, but also in gardens, parks, and countryside. Still, 16.5% of the students of both Ternopil universities showed very low awareness about Lyme borreliosis. Most TNPU respondents in the study group (40.7%) were bitten by a tick in the abdomen area; 31.3% of the TNTU students declared being bitten in lower limbs. Students of both universities recorded the fewest bites in the chest area (7.1% in TNTU and 13.0% in TNPU respectively). As for the most frequent methods of tick removal, 71.4% of the respondents lubricated it with fat (e.g. butter, oil) and 42.0% twisted it out with tweezers. Conclusions. Education towards proper methods of tick removal, prevention of tick bites (clothes, repellents) should become an important element of protection measures in students in the regions of high Lyme borreliosis frequency, including Ternopil.
Background. Adverse effects of numerous environmental factors, including improperly balanced diets, may accelerate the onset of ailments related to the climacteric period. Objective. The aim of the study was to examine the relationships between diets and the quality of life of working women aged 50-64 years. Material and methods.The study included 274 working women aged 55.4±4.0 years living in Biała Podlaska and the surrounding area. These were women working in various positions (teaching, administrative, economic department) at the State School of Higher Education in Biała Podlaska, Poland and patients of the Health and Rehabilitation Centre in Biała Podlaska. The study was conducted by means of a popular tool used to diagnose quality of life i.e. SF-36 questionnaire (Short Form Health Survey) and the Questionnaire of Eating Behaviour (QEB). Results. In all categories of quality of life (SF-36), apart from pain and general health, there were statistically significant differences between the results of the respondents and the norm for Polish women aged 50 to 60 years. Fruit, vegetables and wholemeal bread were the most frequently consumed products in the healthy diet group, while legumes, fish and curd cheese were the least frequently consumed by the respondents. Of the unhealthy products, the women most often chose sweets (at least once a week), cheese and fried food. Analysis of the effect of a healthy diet on the quality of life showed that a statistically significant correlations were observed in the case of mental health, functioning in society, emotionality, vitality, and well-being. Conclusions. A positive correlation with the application of a healthy diet was observed in all the categories of quality of life. This means that the respondents with healthy diets had a higher quality of life.
The aim of our this work was analysis of specific immune response for B. burgdorferi according to in vivo antigens in regard to symptoms subjectively perceived by foresters, in 2009 and 2012. Material and methods: study group include 41 foresters (19 - 86 years old), from the forest district in Lubelskie region. All persons underwent serological diagnostic. We used  2 phase diagnosis  method of Lyme diseases according to standards. Used tests include Borrelia antigens from in vivo group, which are not use in standard diagnosis test. The study was carried out in 2009 and then again in 2012. Results: The analysis of antibodies for Borrelia proteins, including the in vivo, demonstrated how active, long-term and time-variable is the process of B. burgdorferi infection. Conclusions: The expression of Borrelia proteins and high immunogenicity translates into effectiveness of diagnostic procedures concerning B. burgdorferi identification. Considering to not clear clinical manifestation and changeable immune response require individual approach to each patient.
The aim of the study was the analysis of the occurrence of specific antibodies against HEV among hunters and foresters who are at risk to be exposed. The study group consisted of 210 hunters (23–80 years old) and 60 foresters (22–64 years old). Anti-HEV IgG were present in 3.81% of the samples of the hunters and in 5% of the samples of the foresters. The statistical analysis shows no significant differences inthe results anti-HEV IgG between the groups of hunters and foresters (p = 0.5278). Significantly higher anti-HEV IgG titers were foundin the older age group (> 55 years old).
Cel pracy: celem pracy było oznaczenie przeciwciał IgM/IgG skierowanych przeciwko białkom antygenowym Borrelia u leśników i rolników oraz osób nie narażonych zawodowo na pokłucie przez kleszcze w północno wschodnim rejonie województwa lubelskiego. Materiał i metody: grupę badaną stanowiły osoby szczególnie narażone na pokłucie przez kleszcze jak leśnicy, rolnicy (275 osób), oraz grupa kontrolna - 45 osób mieszkających w okolicach Białej Podlaskiej. Oznaczono IgM/IgG anty-Borrelia (Elisa, Wb) oraz wykonano badania ankietowe. Wyniki: obecność IgM/IgG anty-Borrelia wykazano u 44,73% badanych, zaś brak przeciwciał stwierdzono u 28,10% leśników i 27,01% rolników. U 95,5% osób grupy kontrolnej nie stwierdzono obecności IgM/IgG anty-Borrelia, co świadczy o braku zakażenia mimo, że 41,86% z nich informuje o pokłuciu wielokrotnym, a 46,51% o pokłuciu jednokrotnym. Wnioski: pokłucia przez kleszcze dominują w miesiącach letnich, jednak możliwe są również wczesną wiosną i późną jesienią. Rumień wędrujący występuje częściej u osób wielokrotnie kłutych przez kleszcze niż u osób kłutych jednokrotnie.
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