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1
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Interactions between nitrogen fertilization and apple fruit thinning with NAA

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Milic B., Cabilovski R., Keserovic Z., Magazin N., Tarlanovic J.
Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Hortorum Cultus
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2017
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tom 16
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nr 3
The objective of this research was to determine the effects of chemical thinning with α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and nitrogen (N) fertilization, as well as their interaction in relation to fruit set and physical properties of apple cv. Golden Delicious Reinders®. Nitrogen rates used were 30 and 60 kg·ha−1 N applied at the pink bud stage. NAA for fruit thinning was applied at the rates of 10, 12 and 14 µl·l−1. Fruit set was increased by increasing the amount of N applied while the efficacy of NAA for fruit thinning was not linearly correlated to the concentration of the chemical. The total number of fruits per tree was inconsistently reduced in NAA treatments at 30 and 60 kg·ha−1 N, while total yield was reduced by thinning at 60 kg·ha−1 N, meaning that apple trees are more responsive to NAA application at higher N supply. At sufficient N supply, fruits responded more intensively to thinning with NAA by increasing their growth. Thinning with NAA caused a significant decrease in flesh firmness only in fruits from unfertilized plot.
2
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The effect of naphthenic acids (NAs) on the response of ‘Golden Delicious’ and ‘Fuji’ apple trees on chemical thinning with NAA

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Keserovic Z., Milic B., Kevresan S., Magazin N., Doric M.
Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Hortorum Cultus
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2016
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tom 15
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nr 3
NAA (α-naphthylacetic acid) thins apple fruits inconsistently regarding fruit set and weight and may cause small or misshapen fruits occurrence. Considering hormonal activity, surfactant properties and the impact of naphthenic acids (NAs) on the metabolism of auxins in plant tissue, it is assumed that thinning response and fruit size could be improved by adding NAs to NAA for chemical thinning of apple. The purpose of the research was to evaluate thinning efficacy of the mixture of NAA and NAs in two commercially grown apple cultivars, ‘Golden Delicious’ and ‘Fuji’, known to respond differently to the application of NAA. The following treatments were applied during a three-year period, from 2010 to 2012: 10 mg∙L-1 NAA, 10 mg∙L-1 NAA + 1.56 mg∙L-1 NAs, 20 mg∙L-1 NAA, 20 mg∙L-1 NAA + 3.12 mg∙L-1 NAs and an untreated control. The addition of NAs to NAA did not alter the effectiveness of NAA in reducing fruit set, while it significantly increased fruit weight compared to NAA applied alone in two of three years of the experiment. NAs modulated the effect of NAA on fruit weight of apple cultivar ‘Fuji’ by retarding fruit growth and causing a higher number of small fruits to occur compared to NAA applied alone.
3
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Early performance of four sweet cherry cultivars grafted on Gisela 5 and Colt rootstocks in a high density growing system

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Milic B., Kalajdzic J., Keserovic Z., Magazin N., Ognjanov V., Miodragovic M., Popara G.
Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Hortorum Cultus
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2019
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tom 18
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nr 1
Growing the sweet cherry on different vigor rootstocks, such as Colt and Gisela 5, in a high-density orchard, causes differences in growth and productivity and later imposes the need to change the growing system including pruning, flower and fruit thinning, irrigation and fertilization. In the present research, four sweet cherry cultivars (Summit, Kordia, Lapins and Regina) grafted on Colt and Gisela 5 rootstocks were assessed for morphological traits and productivity. The parameters investigated were: vegetative growth, bearing potential, fruit set, precocity, productivity, fruit growth habit and quality attributes. Compared to Colt, the trees on Gisela 5 had smaller TCSA and the length of two-year-old branches, in the fifth season after planting. Trees on Gisela 5 had a higher number of flower buds per may bouquet compared to Colt, which confirms that bearing potential is highly affected by the rootstock. Growing the sweet cherries on Gisela 5 induced a higher fruit setting in all cultivars except in Kordia. Fruit physical attributes were affected by the cultivar, growing system and experimental year. For all tested cultivars, the yield per tree was significantly lower on Colt compared to Gisela 5. Gisela 5 performed better than Colt, which suggests that Gisela 5 should be used as a rootstock in high density sweet cherry production systems.
4
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Postharvest quality of sweet cherry fruits as affected by bioregulators

86%
Kalajdzic J., Milic B., Petres M., Stankov A., Grahovac M., Magazin N., Keserovic Z.
Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Hortorum Cultus
|
2019
|
tom 18
|
nr 5
During the cold storage of sweet cherry, severe losses can occur due to the water loss, phytopathogenic fungi and physiological disorders. The aim of this research was to assess the effects of treatments with NAA (α-naphthaleneacetic acid), BA (6-benzyladenine), and GA3 (gibberellic acid) on fruit quality at harvest and after 21 days of storage under two regimes, including 0°C, RH (relative humidity) 90% and 3°C, RH 70%, and after additional shelf life exposure. Sweet cherry cultivars – ‘Summit’, ‘Kordia’ and ‘Regina’ – were treated with bioregulators at the end of flowering. NAA significantly increased the fruit weight at harvest compared to the control in all cultivars assessed. BA stimulated the fruit growth in ‘Kordia’ and ‘Regina’, while it was ineffective in ‘Summit’. GA3 caused significant increase in fruit weight by 8.3% in ‘Kordia’ only. Moreover, BA and GA3 induced a higher firmness of fruits at harvest. Weight loss of fruits during storage at 0°C, RH 90%, was increased with NAA and reduced with GA3 in ‘Regina’ only. BA and GA3 reduced the weight loss of sweet cherry fruits stored at 3°C, RH 70%. Bioregulator treatments increased TA (titratable acidity) in fruits at harvest, while the effects on TA during storage were variable depending on the cultivar. ‘Summit’ had the highest sensitivity to storage fruit rot. BA and GA3 decreased the disease occurrence on fruits stored at 0°C in ‘Summit’ and ‘Kordia’.
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