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Research on the influence of land use changes and erosion and flood control measures on a reduction of harmful effects of extreme rainfall-runoff events has occourred at the experimental Němčický stream basin since 2005. It has been documented by obtained results of rainfall and discharge gauging and by water sample analyses that sediment transport significantly corresponds with the cover efficiency of agricultural crops. Based on the analysis of particular comparable rainfall-runoff episodes, it can be stated that the protection (e.g. grassing, growing of narrow-row crops) of slopes adjacent to watercourses has a crucial influence on the reduction in surface water pollution with insoluble substances. In such cases the efficiency of grass cover is 90-99% compared to bare soil, while the efficiency of narrow-row crops is 50-80% in comparison with bare soil. The efficiency of narrow-row crops at the time of maximum vegetation stand is close to that of permanent grasslands.
Extreme discharge rate increases in small streams caused by sudden extreme precipitation events are classifi ed as small-scale pulse-type disturbances. Small highland brooks in agricultural landscapes (arable land and meadows) are frequently characterised by extremely low flows during normal conditions, plus the rare appearance of high-flow events that periodically may reset their ecosystems. We studied two small highland brooks to assess the impact of extreme discharge rates (flow pulses) upon periphyton, macrozoobenthos, and fish assemblages. No distinct changes were recorded in composition of periphyton assemblage or fish (brown trout, Salmo trutta m. fario) occurrence following such flow pulses. Cyanobacteria, however, were absent following a flow pulse, while growth appeared to be boosted in green algae (Chlorophyceae). Similarly, there was no negative response observed in macrozoobenthos communities, with density, diversity, taxa richness, and saprobic indices remaining either more-or-less unchanged or considerably enhanced following high-discharge episodes. These observations were confi rmed through Sörensen’s similarity indices, which indicated no signifi cant change in either periphyton or macrozoobenthos following such episodes.
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