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1

Salt-imposed restrictions on the uptake of macroelements by roots of Arabidopsis thaliana

100%
Attia H., Karray N., Rabhi M., Lachaal M.
Acta Physiologiae Plantarum
|
2008
|
tom 30
|
nr 5
The aim of this investigation was to identify the growth limiting factors in Arabidopsis thaliana subjected to a mild salt stress. Two natural accessions (Col and N1438) were compared. In spite of their morphological and developmental similarity, they have been previously shown to differ in the response of their superoxide dismutase genes to salt stress (Physiol Plant 132:293–305, 2008). Thirty-day-old seedlings were grown for 15 days using a split-root configuration in which the root system was divided into two equal parts: the first was immersed in a complete nutrient solution with 50 mM NaCl added, while the second part was immersed in either complete or incomplete K-, Ca-, or N-free medium. Using this approach, we demonstrated that K+ and Ca2+ uptake was impaired in the roots subjected to NaCl. There was no indication of the salt-induced inhibition of N uptake. If K+ or Ca2+ were available from salt-free medium, plants were able to grow at normal rate and accumulate large amounts of Na+ in the shoots. These results indicate that the sensitivity of Arabidopsis growth to mild salinity was probably due to an inhibition of K+ or Ca2+ root transport by salt rather than due to salt accumulation in shoots. Furthermore, the salt sensitivity of ion transport in roots seemed to depend on the genotype, since K+ was limiting for Col growth, in contrast to N1438, the growth of which was limited by Ca2+.
2

Sodium transport in basil

88%
Attia H., Karray N., Ellili A., Msilini N., Lachaal M.
Acta Physiologiae Plantarum
|
2009
|
tom 31
|
nr 5
In order to diversify the production of plants with pharmacological interest, it is important to understand the mechanisms involved in their tolerance to environmental constraints, such as salinity. Basil (Ocimum basilicum), known for its therapeutic uses, has been claimed to be salt tolerant, but physiological aspects of this behavior remain unknown. Since salt tolerance is known to be associated with several characteristics concerning Na⁺ transport to leaves, we studied this function in hydroponically grown basil. We analyzed the response of 30-day-old seedlings to 25–50 mM NaCl applied for 15 days. Growth was poorly affected, indicating that these concentrations corresponded to the tolerated salinity range. Leaves accumulated Na⁺ at relatively high concentration, without dehydrating. Potassium concentration in leaf tissues was maintained close to control level, indicating that K⁺ was 15- to 25-fold preferred over Na⁺ for ion transport and deposition. Collection of xylem sap on detopped plants revealed that this preference was only 10-fold for ion introduction into root xylem sap. Short-term (24 h) changes in Na⁺ distribution between organs after stem (steam) girdling suggested that Na⁺ downward recirculation by phloem occurred. Although modest, this transport might have augmented K⁺ selectivity of ion deposition in leaves.
3

Analysis of salinity effects on basil leaf surface area, photosynthetic activity, and growth

76%
Attia H., Ouhibi C., Ellili A., Msilini N., Bouzaien G., Karray N., Lachaal M.
Acta Physiologiae Plantarum
|
2011
|
tom 33
|
nr 3
Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) seedlings were cultured on liquid medium in controlled conditions. Two varieties differing in leaf size were compared. When plants were 30 days old, the medium was supplemented with 50 mM NaCl. After 15 days of treatment, root, stemand leaf biomass, leaf number, and leaf surface area were measured. Ion accumulation was determined in roots, stems, and leaves. Photosynthetic parameters (CO₂ fixation rate, internal CO₂ concentration, stomatal conductance) as well as transpiration rate were determined on separate leaves. Electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde content were used to estimate damage to membranes and lipid peroxidation, respectively. Several antioxidant enzymatic activities were used as proxies of oxidative stress. High Na⁺ concentration was reached in leaf tissues. Salt restricted whole plant biomass deposition rate by diminishing leaf number and leaf expansion, as well as photosynthetic activity were estimated from whole plant biomass production per unit leaf surface area. Diminished stomatal conductance restricted CO₂ fixation rate, and decrease in chlorophyll content presumably limited photosynthetic activity. Lipid peroxidation revealed damages to membranes. The magnitude of these responses differed between the two varieties, indicating that an intraspecific variability in salt response exists in basil.
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