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Collections of chironomid pupal exuviae and male imagos were made in the Vistula between the reservoirs Wisła Czarne and Goczałkowice and its source spring Biała Wisełka and Czarna Wisełka. 80 species were identified, 6 of which were found to be new to Poland. The presence/absence and relative numbers of the species found in the samples were used to define the chironomid assemblage, that could be applied to evaluate the pollutant effect of sewage effluent, acidification, and "regulated stream" effect in this reach of the river.
The pupa and imago of Chironomus acerbiphilus (a senior synonym of C. crassimanus) show wide variation of external morphology characters. This paper describes the external morphology of larva, pupa and adult of C. acerbiphilus from Poland. Variability of morphological characters is evaluated for the Polish population in comparison with other European, Asian and North American populations. Pupal suhgeneric characters are discussed.
The effects of pollution on the biodiversity and genome response of Chironomidae larvae (Diptera, Insect) were evaluated in the trace metal contaminated water environments. No change on the Chironomid species diversity was found. The higher concentrations of trace metals (Cd, Pb, Cr, and Zn) affect the genome of 5 cytogenetically studied Chironomid species: Chironomus bernensis, C. plumosus, C. sp.1. Kiefferulus tendipediformis (cytotype 2), Glyptotendipes cauliginellus (syn. Glyptotendipes gripekoveni). Genome instability of Chironomid larvae was manifested by two ways: 1. Fixed chromosome rearrangements; homozygous inversions and tandem fusions created new gene linkage groups and show an intensive microevolutionary process of species. 2. Somatic structural (inversions, deficiencies, deletions, breaks); and functional alterations (decreasing the activity of the key structures: Balbiani rings (BRs) and Nucleolar Organizer (NOR)) in salivary gland chromosomes of cytogenetically studied Chironomidae species. Detecting somatic rearrangements in salivary gland chromosomes of these widely distributed aquatic insects is potentially one of the best validated bioassay and can be used as a cost effective early warning signals of environmental damage in freshwater basins.
The bibliography contains scientific works and popular scientific articles on the River Vistula since the second half of the 19th century to 1993 concerning the following fields were included: morphology and paleogeography of the riverbed, hydrology, hydrogeology, and morphogenetic processes (erosion, transport, sedimentation, siltation of dam reservoirs), chemistry of the water and bottom sediments, microbiology, flora (algae, aquatic vascular plants), fauna (protozoans, aquatic invertebrates, fish, birds),fishery, pollution and aquatic management. The subject index is included.
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