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In 1987-1989 studies were conducted on soil invertebrates occurring on meadows in the Biebrza river valley (Kuwasy), spreading on muck developed of peats of various origin and under different degree of transformation. There was recorded a pronounced differentiation of invertebrate density in successive years of studies and dependence of density on the amount and distribution of precipitation in a season. With regard to density of invertebrates two groups of habitats were distinguished, namely, a) located on soil developed of sedge-moss and moss-tall sedge peats and b) sedge- moss-alder and alder peats. As compared to the former group of habitats, fauna on meadows located of soil formed of alder peats was marked for a lower mean abundance and a lesser differentiation of large taxa (order) composition, a closer similarity of dynamics of seasonal changes, stranger dependence on precipitation. In the series of habitats of a progressing degree of soil transformation there was observed a tendency of changes in the system of trophic groups, i.e., a decrease in contribution of large groups of predators (Aranea, Staphylinidae, Formicidae) and an increase in contribution of phytophages (Elateridae). The two-group division of the examined habitats was also noted while analyzing physical properties of soil and its microbial activity. In the gradient of the examined habitats there were recorded correlations between the changes in physical properties of soil (x), microbiological activity (y) and density of soil invertebrate fauna (z), expressed by Kendall partial rank correlation coefficient.
Some physical properties (such as the degree of mucking, muck depth, volumetric density, total porosity, moisture content), together with some chemical properties, (such as the value of absorbance λ 280, λ664, the content of exchangeable basic cations bound to the sorption complex, the content of hydrogen and organic carbon), and the biotic properties, (such as the number of microflora: amonificators, Actinomycetes and microorganisms using mineral nitrogen, and the biomass of invertebrates: saprophages, phytophages, predators) have been studied on meadow-sites situated on peat soils of differentiated peat origin and the period of dehydration. It has been observed that the studied properties differentiated the studied environments in a statistically significant way, and that the changes are correlated with the gradient of mucking.
The paper focuses on the role of ants as soil engineers in three drained fens. Physical, chemical and biotic soil conditions and effects of ants on soil conditions were compared between fens differing in peat origin. Multivariate statistical methods were applied (PCA, RDA). Relationship between soil moisture, indices of soil biological activity, and the amount of nutrients released were better expressed in the anthill soil than in the adjacent soil. A lower bulk density of the anthill soil, thus, a higher soil porosity, enhanced the leaching of water- extractable, mobile metallic cations and nitric ions. The composition of humus fraction was strongly dependent on soil chemical properties. In both the anthill soil and the adjacent soil, the content of humic acids was postively related with bulk density, whereas the content of humis was related with moisture. In adjacent soil, cation exchange capacity (CEC) was positively related with the content of humic acids and with bulk density. This relationship was not so clear in the anthill soil. The direction of changes in these relationship in the anthiil soil was influenced by ant societes. The number of individuals in society determined the nest structure and the associated increase in soil humidity and porosity. The consumption by ants, thus the input of matter rich in nitrogen, influenced the functional structure of microorganisms and their activity.
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