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The aim of the study was to show whether water soluble vitamins contained in fodder may influence the absorption of exogenous amino acids from entrails. Tests were done on live broiler chickens (aged 2-4 months) in which the small intestine was looped. The physiological liquid included amino acids such as: L-threonine, L-valine, L-methionine, L-lysine, L-histidine, L-phenylalanine, L-leucine, L-isoleucine as well as amino acids with water soluble vitamins: thiamin, riboflavin, pyridoxine, nicotine acid, panthotenic acid, cholin, biotin, vitamin C and folic acid. The method of liquid chromatography before and 30 min after the flow through the loop was used to mark the concentration of amino acids in the perfusion liquid. The results of the study indicate a stimulatory effect of the vitamins on the absorption of amino acids in chickens. The influence on absorbing amino acids was highest when the water soluble vitamins were combined together in doses of 10 mg/l, 50 mg/l, 100 mg/l. A significant influence on the absorption of exogenous amino acids for threonine, valine, histidine and isoleucine observed after applying thiamin, riboflavin, cholin and biotin used in separated liquid. Changes in the absorption level of exogenous amino acids in relation to water soluble vitamins may have a stimulating influence on the development and growth in chickens.
The subject of the present paper was to show presence of α estrogen receptors in neurons of hippocampal formation in adult male rabbits. Estrogen hormones perform a crucial role in sex differentiation and reproduction, but also influence a number of brain functions not connected with reproduction. Clinical examinations prove estrogens’ influence on cognitive processes, memory, mood, emotional behavior, pain sensation, mobility, state of balance. Estrogens have a neuroprotecting action, they influence neurons’ length of life and as a result of that, degenerative diseases of the nervous system connected with age. The examinations prove that estrogen substitutive therapy decreases the development rate of Alzheimer and Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis, osteoporosis, depression and migraines. It is thought that estrogen administration in the case of these diseases diminishes intensification of symptoms. In relation to this, it is crucial to learn the mechanisms of hormones’ activity and determine the localization of their receptors. The obtained results indicate that estrogen hormones can influence cognitive processes, learning and memory. Learning the mechanisms of estrogens’ activity and determining which brain structures they influence can be helpful in treating neurodegenerative diseases. In adult rabbit males α estrogen receptors occur in neurons of the hippocampus in cytoplasm as well as cell nucleus. In the examined regions cytoplasmic and cytoplasmic-nuclear reaction predominates.
The aim of this study was to define the effects of diet containing the same mineral content of mineral salt or amino acid chelate, and diet containing various levels of Cu amino acid chelate on liver histomorphometry in growing rats. Male Wistar rats were used in the 12th week experiment. The control group (n = 12) was fed standard diet, which provided Cu in an inorganic form at the level required for rats. The experimental animals were divided into four groups (each n = 12) depending on different levels ( 100%, 75%, 50%, 25% covered daily demand) of Cu supplementation in chelated form. Cu content was determined in the liver tissue and blood plasma. Immunohistochemical staining with caspase-3 antibody was performed. Microscopic assessment of the liver structure indicated that Cu supplementation did not change the liver architecture. However, histomorphometric analysis revealed a significant increase in the number of nuclei, total cell number, and multinucleated hepatocytes in rats supplemented with the organic form of Cu at the level of 25% compared with the control group. There was a considerable increase in the number of apoptotic cells and ballooning degeneration of hepatocytes, especially in groups supplemented with organic form of Cu covering the daily demand in 100% and 75%, in comparison to control group. Moreover, there was no Cu deposition in the liver and changes in Cu content in blood. Cu provided in the diet in organic form covering an amount of its minimum daily demand in 25% appears to be the least harmful with regard to the liver. It indicates that there is a need to establish the level of diet supplementation with Cu amino acid chelates.
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