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Preliminary research on activated sludge potassium efflux (GGKE – glutathione-gated potassium efflux) as a result of peroxyacetic acid (PAA) dosing were performed. Similar to the case of chlorine dosing, the PAA dosing causes initiation of bacteria defense mechanisms related to the transformations of gluthathione tripeptide, resulting in the increase of potassium ion concentrations in the activated sludge environment. In the range of biomass concentration from 6.035 gMLSS/l to 9.331 gMLSS/l and applied peroxyacetic acid doses from 0.12 mg PAA/gMLSS to 3.55 mg PAA/gMLSS, the increase of potassium ions K+ concentration in the activated sludge environment after 10 minutes of reaction in batch varied from approximately 3 mg/l to 40 mg/l. The elementary increase of potassium ion concentrations (mg K+/gMLSS· l) was dependant on reaction time and the PAA dose. The elementary increase values varied from 0.5 mg K+/(gMLSS· l) for the dose of 0.3 mg PAA/gMLSS and 5 minutes reaction time to 4 mg K+/(gMLSS· l) for 2.5 mg PAA/gMLSS and reaction time equal to 20 minutes.
Heavy metals removal from municipal wastewater has been studied. This paper presents results of investigations carried out in 2000-2001. The investigations concerned analysis of wastewater and sew­age sludge from the wastewater treatment plant "Wschód" in Gdańsk, where the modified system UCT (MUCT) is used. It was indicated that the concentrations of seven heavy metals (Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni, Ag) in wastewater were rather low. After treatment, the metals concentration met criteria given in the Regula­tion of the Minister of Environmental Protection of Aug.1, 2002, that was valid at the time of the investi­gations. Analysis of effectiveness of metals removal during wastewater treatment processes undoubtedly indicates the fundamental role of biological treatment stage in metals removal. Analysis of heavy metals concentrations in primary and biological sludge have proved that the sludge from the WWTP "Wschód" can be utilized in land-farming and land reclamation (according to the Regula­tion of the Minister of Environmental Protection of Aug.1, 2002).
This study indicates that in the wastewater treatment plant "Wschód" in Gdańsk, working in the modi­fied UCT system, the effectiveness of bacteria pollutant removal varies from 92 to 99% and almost 100% of parasites are removed. Despite this, the number of indicator bacteria and periodical presence of Salmonella in the effluent indicates that it is strongly bacteriologically polluted. It was discovered that the number of indicator bacteria in primary sludge was by 1 to 3 orders of mag­nitude higher than in the excess activated sludge. Also, Salmonella was twice more frequently detected in the primary sludge than in excess activated sludge (70% and 30%, respectively). In contrast, the average number of invading helminths' ova (ATT) was over two times higher in excess activated sludge than in pri­mary sludge. An efficient method for controlling activated sludge bulking resulting from intensive growth of Microthrixparvicella was dosing of PAX-16 (the doses from 2.5 to 4.8 g Al3+/kg d.m.-d).
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