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1
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Fruit maturity phenolic content and antioxidant activity of Eugenia jambolana Lam. fruit

100%
Balamurugan S.
International Letters of Natural Sciences
|
2014
|
tom 08
|
nr 1
Fruits of Eugenia jambolana were analysed for total phenolics and antioxidant activity of three successive development stages viz. 1. Mature green 2. Half - ripened and 3. Fully ripened. The total anthocyanin concentrations were higher in fully ripened stage, the total phenolic content was maximum achieved in mature green stage (354 mg L-1). Antioxidant activity also strongly depended on ripening stages, showing completely opposite compared to that of total phenolics. Since total phenolics and antioxidant activity performed nearly “Object and its reflection in the mirror” trend.
2
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In vitro antifungal activity of Citrus aurantifolia Linn plant extracts against phytopathogenic fungi Macrophomina phaseolina

100%
Balamurugan S.
International Letters of Natural Sciences
|
2014
|
tom 08
|
nr 2
The aqueous extracts of leaf of Citrus aurantifolia L were assessed in vitro for inhibitory activity against Macrophomina phaseolina isolated from dry root rot specimens of Gingelly. The antifungal activity was determined by poison food technique. The extracts have shown dose dependent inhibition of mycelial growth of test fungi. The extracts were more effective in inhibiting Macrophomina phaseolina. The extracts of Citrus aurantifolia were found effective against Gingelly dry root rot pathogens. Further field experiments are to be carried out to recommend the extracts against the disease.
3
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Evaluation of the antifungal activity of various solvent extracts of Feronia elephantum correa (Rutaceae)

100%
Balamurugan S.
International Letters of Natural Sciences
|
2014
|
tom 07
Medicinal plants play an important role for health care. Medicinal plants have ability to cure both infectious and non infectious diseases. According to an estimate about 25 % of medicines are derived from plants. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the antifungal activity of Feronia elephantum Correa by using Agar well diffusion assay. The fungal strains used in this research work were Aspergillus niger, Penicillium exspansum, Candida albicans and Fusarium oxysporum. The length of inhibition zone was measured in millimetres. The results were referenced against Glucanazole antifungal agent. Methanolic fruit extract showed maximum antifungal activity against most of the strains where as moderate antifungal potential was shown by leaf extract in aqueous extract.
4
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Pharmacognostical studies on Oxystelma esculentum (L.F) R. Br. ex Schltes, a medicinal plant

63%
Savitha G., Balamurugan S.
International Letters of Natural Sciences
|
2014
|
tom 17
The present investigation has been carried out to study the anatomical features of root, rhizome, stem, leaf and petiole for evaluating the Oxystelma esculentum, an important medicinal plant used in the traditional systems of medicine. This study provides referential pharmaco-botanical information for correct identification of this plant.
5
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Pharmacognostical and antibacterial evaluation of Murraya koenigii (L) Spreng

63%
Savitha G., Balamurugan S.
International Letters of Natural Sciences
|
2014
|
tom 17
Our present study was aimed to detect the medicinal uses of the plant Murraya koenigii (L) Spreng belonging to the family Rutaceae by performing various studies such as Pharmacognostical, phytochemical and antibacterial activity, using seven different bacterial strains, which are harmful to human beings. The Murraya koenigii commonly known as “Curry leaf“ has been recognized in different systems of traditional medicines for the treatment of different diseases and ailments of human beings. The leaves of the plant are said to be cooling and stomachache. The study includes macroscopy, microscopy, preliminary phytochemical screening and antibacterial evaluation.
6
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In vitro antibacterial activity of Eclipta alba (L.) Hassk

63%
Selvamani S., Balamurugan S.
International Letters of Natural Sciences
|
2014
|
tom 16
The antibacterial activity of Eclipta alba against three gram positive and five gram negative bacterial strains was investigated. The fresh whole plants were collected from Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu. Petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, acetone, methanol and aqueous extracts at different concentrations (1, 2, 5, 10 mg/ml) were used to investigate the antibacterial activity. NCCL standards were strictly followed to perform antibacterial disc susceptibility test using disc diffusion method. The extracts showed varying degree of inhibitory potential against all the tested bacteria. Methanol extract of the plant had higher inhibitory action against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Proteus mirabilis and Pseudomonas fluroescens.
7

Enhancement of a-tocopherol content through transgenic and cell suspension culture systems in tobacco

45%
Harish M. C., Dachinamoorthy P., Balamurugan S., Murugan S. B., Sathishkumar R.
Acta Physiologiae Plantarum
|
2013
|
tom 35
|
nr 04
The tocopherols are amphipathic antioxidant synthesized by photosynthetic organisms, which forms the essential component in the human diet. To increase the α-tocopherol content in tobacco, two approaches have been attempted in this study: (1) transgenic approach, by constitutive overexpression of the genes encoding Arabidopsis homogentisate phytyltransferase (HPT) and tocopherol cyclase (TC) through Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation; (2) non-transgenic approach, by supplementation of intermediates/precursors of vitamin E biosynthesis like tyrosine, p-hydroxyphenyl pyruvic acid, homogentisic acid (HGA) and phytol in different concentrations and combinations using cell suspension culture system. Molecular analyses by PCR, RT-PCR and Southern hybridization were carried out to confirm the HPT and TC expressing transgenic tobacco lines. The α-tocopherol content in transgenic plants expressing HPT and TC increase by 5.5 and 4.1, respectively, over the wild type. These results indicate that, HPT and TC activities are important in tobacco plants for enhancing the vitamin E content. In the second approach, the supplementation of precursor in cell suspension cultures, i.e., combination of 150 μM HGA + 100 μM phytol, showed the maximum enhancement of a-tocopherol, i.e., 36-fold. These findings clearly imply that enhancement of α-tocopherol levels in tobacco system is possible, if we could modulate the vitamin E metabolic pathway. This is a very useful finding for the large-scale production of natural Vitamin E. Among the two systems tested, cell suspension culture-based system is ideal over the transgenic technology due to its efficiency and no biosafety concerns.
8

Carrot antifreeze protein enhances chilling tolerance in transgenic tomato

39%
Kumar S. R., Kirubo R., Balamurugan S., Cardoso H. G., Birgit A.-S., Zakwan A., Sathishkumar R.
Acta Physiologiae Plantarum
|
2014
|
tom 36
|
nr 01
Key message: The expression of carrot antifreeze protein enhanced chilling tolerance in heterologous host system tomato and AFP can be a potential gene candidate for producing chilling tolerant crop plants. Abstract: In an attempt to improve chilling tolerance, the carrot gene encoding the antifreeze protein (AFP) was cloned under the control of constitutive CaMV35S promoter and genetically transformed the tomato var. PKM1 using Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation. Putative transgenic plants were confirmed by PCR using AFP-specific primers and grown to maturity. The integration of AFP transgene in the tomato genome was confirmed by Southern blot analysis. The AFP gene expression in transgenic plants was determined using semi-quantitative reverse transcription PCR. Upon exposure to chilling stress (4°C), a significant decrease in membrane injury index was observed in AFP transgenic tomato lines without any phenotypic aberrations when compared with WT plants. Hence, this study clearly proves that the development of chilling tolerant tomato plants will soon become a reality.
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