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The study was conducted to evaluate the nutritive value of mulberry pomace (MP) treated with sun-drying (SD), ensiling (EN), and ensiling with a Lactobacillus additive (ELA), respectively. The chemical composition, in situ degradabilities, and in vitro gas production were determined for all treated MP samples. The results showed that there were significant differences (P<0.05) in dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP) and water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC) among SD, EN and ELA treatments. Although some fermentation parameters of two ensiled MP products were significantly different, both of them fell within the normal fermentation range. The in vitro gas production of the SD treatment was higher than of the EN and ELA treatments, while the proportion of methane produced by MP treated with EN and ELA was significantly lower (P<0.05) than that of MP treated with SD; MP treated with SD had significantly higher acetate production than the two ensiled MPs. In situ DM and protein effective degradabilities of MP treated with SD were higher than in MP treated with EN and ELA. In conclusion, mulberry pomace ensiled with or without Lactobacillus additives exhibited good fermentation traits, suggesting that ensiling is more acceptable than sundrying in practice.
MAX4 gene has been shown to be involved in the regulation of shoot branching in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). However, little is known about the role of MAX4 gene in low inorganic phosphate (Pi) stress response in Arabidopsis. Here we showed that MAX4 gene is involved in the regulation of low Pi stress response in Arabidopsis. MAX4 gene was repressed by low Pi stress, and the max4 mutants showed lower anthocyanin content and longer primary root length. In addition, max4 mutant plants also displayed altered root architecture such as increased root-to-shoot ratio, lower lateral root number and root hair density compared with wild-type plants under low Pi stress. Higher total Pi contents were detected in shoots and roots of max4 plants than those of wild-type plants when subjected to low Pi stress, which was associated, at least in part, with increase in expression of WRKY75 as well as AtPT1 and AtPT2 genes encoding high-affinity Pi transporters. Taken together, all these results suggest that MAX4 gene mediates low Pi stress response, at least in part, by regulating the expression of WRKY75 as well as AtPT1 and AtPT2 genes.
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