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1

Vertical distributions of phosphorus fractions in sediments of three typical shallow urban lakes in P.R. China

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Chao W., Jin Q., Zhi-yong G., Li Z., Xiao-chen L.
Polish Journal of Environmental Studies
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2008
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tom 17
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nr 1
155-162
Sediment cores were sampled from three typical shallow urban lakes in China. The Standards, Measurements and Testing (SMT) programme, proposed by the European Commission, was employed to characterize the vertical distributions of phosphorus fractions in sediment profiles. The results showed that TP contents ranged from 1,198.9 to 1,897.3, 1,289.1 to 1,652.1, and 611.7 to 760.3 mg kg⁻¹ in sediment profiles of Daming Lake, Mochou Lake, and Xuanwu Lake, respectively. Within the 50-cm sediment profiles, phosphorus distributed mainly in IP, and the OP contents only accounted for 9.7%-16.3% of TP. For IP in sediments, the AP was the predominant fraction for Daming Lake and Mochou Lake, accounting for 92.8%, and 71.4%, respectively. While for Xuanwu Lake the proportion of NAIP to IP was higher than that of AP (41.7%±6.0%), indicating that the Xuanwu Lake was polluted more heavily than the other two lakes. The phosphorus concentration in pore-water (TDP) correlated significantly to the P fractions in sediments, especially to the OP and NAIP contents, which could be predicted by: TDP (mg L⁻¹) = 0.005 OP (mg kg⁻¹) – 0.001 NAIP (mg kg⁻¹) + 0.138 (R² = 0.836, P<0.01). The physicochemical properties of sediments presented significant correlation to the contents of P fractions, highlighting the importance of the physicochemical properties of sediments for the phosphorus fraction distributions in lake sediments.
2

Pb, Cu, Zn and Ni concentrations in vegetables in relation to their extractable fractions in soils in suburban areas of Nanjing, China

100%
Chao W., Xiao-chen L., Li-min Z., Pei-fang W., Zhi-yong G.
Polish Journal of Environmental Studies
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2007
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tom 16
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nr 2
To investigate the bioavailability and bio-enrichment of metals from soils to vegetables, the concentrationsof Ni, Pb, Zn, and Cu in vegetables and their grown soils sampled from eight suburban areas of Nanjing, China, were determined, and the fractions of these metals in soils was characterized by using the BCR sequential extraction procedure. The results showed that the residual fraction was the dominant proportion for Pb (46%-64% in total), Cu (49%-73% in total) and Ni (40%-61% in total) in soils, whereas Zn was found mainly in the oxidizable fraction (31%-69% in total). The translocation coefficients of metals in leaf/root systems revealed that Cu, Zn and Ni were mainly accumulated in roots, whereas Pb mainly in the leaves of these vegetables. The enrichment coefficients of metals in leaf/root systems indicated that Zn had the strongest capacity of accumulation from soils to vegetables among all four elements. No significant correlations were found among metal concentrations in the vegetables, the metal fractions in corresponding soils, and the enrichment coefficients from soils to plants.
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