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The article presents a case of a newborn foal (32 hours of life) with an acute abdominal pain. The foal was sent to the clinic after 24 hours of conservative treatment in the field. Physical examination revealed acute obstruction of the small intestine. The patient was admitted for emergency surgery. General multimodal anaesthesia with endotracheal tube placement and oxygen supplementation was performed. During medial laparotomy, about one meter of necrotic small intestine was resected, and the right ovary was removed. This surgical procedure was performed under general infusion multimodal anaesthesia with intratracheal administration of a mixture of oxygen and air. Postoperative recovery was uneventful, and no complications were observed. During the 5-month observation period, no disturbances in the somatic development and general condition of the patient were found.
Urinary bladder tumours account for approximately 1% of all tumours in dogs. The majority of them are epithelial in origin and malignant. Transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) is the most commonly diagnosed tumour of the urinary bladder. Malignant mesenchymal tumours in humans and animals are far less frequent than epithelial ones. Malignant mesenchymal urinary bladder tumours are represented by rabdomyosarcoma (RMS) and leiomyosarcoma (LMS). LMS occurs in older dogs, aged 7-12 years, and originates from the urinary bladder trigone and urethra, thus disturbing the urinary flow. LMSs are usually invasive, with a tendency to metastasize rapidly to the regional lymph nodes or abdominal organs, such as the liver, pancreas, kidneys, intestines and omentum. The aim of this report is to describe the clinical presentation, diagnostic approach and surgical treatment of the urinary bladder leiomyosarcoma that occurred in a Bernese Mountain Dog. The paper also highlights the latest diagnostic techniques for urinary bladder tumour detection, general rules of surgical resection and chemotherapy.
Ozone is a triatomic allotrope of oxygen that can be produced in specially designed machines: ozone generators (ozonators). It breaks down to dioxygen (O2) and active atomic oxygen (O), which is a very strong oxidant. Due to the fact that its bactericidal, virucidal and fungicidal activities are 50 times more powerful than those of chlorine, ozone could be used in a wide range of applications, including disinfection, disinfestation and deodorization. Biochemical properties of ozone make it useful in both human and animal medicine. Ozone therapy has been applied in the treatment of cardiovascular and gastrointestinal tract diseases, many viral, bacterial and fungal infections, corneal diseases, skin disorders, as well as in inflammatory and degenerative joint diseases. Various forms of ozone are utilized for medical purposes, for example, ozone/oxygene mixture, dressing covered with ozonated water or oil, ozonated infusion fluids and ozonated autohemotherapy (AHT). Medical ozone appeared to be successful in the treatment of antibiotic-resistant infections, infected and nonhealing wounds. When properly conducted, ozone therapy is safe and non-toxic, and should therefore be widely used in veterinary and human medicine practice.
The aim of the present study was to monitor VEGF expression in the blood serum of dogs suffering from squamous cell carcinoma in correlation with the speed of metastasis. The research material consisted of tumour tissue and blood samples collected from 26 dogs of various breeds, aged between 5 and 15 years, and 10 control group animals. Blood samples were centrifuged, and the serum obtained was examined by immunoenzymatic assays to determine vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels. The study group animals were observed for a period of 6 months, during which their blood was drawn twice for immunoenzymatic tests. In all study group animals, elevated blood serum VEGF levels were observed on the day of surgery compared with the control group. In 14 cases, disease relapse was observed with metastases to the bones or lungs. In all relapsing animals, significantly higher blood serum VEGF levels were observed. VEGF levels are closely related to the neoplastic process, but the exact mechanism of the factor’s involvement in neoplastic progression remains unclear, as does the complexity of the angiogenic processes. Studies of the mechanisms affecting tumour proliferation and the monitoring of VEGF levels can facilitate better diagnostics and prognostics, as well as improve the effectiveness of cancer treatment and the planning of new therapeutic strategies for both human and animal patients.
One of the biomaterials used in veterinary dentistry is hydroxyapatite (HAp). It aids the biological process of bone reconstruction and provides the basis on which damaged tissues can be rebuilt. It is also exceptionally osteoconductive and bioactive towards bone and other tissues. The aim of the present study was to verify the usefulness of hydroxyapatite microporus ceramics for the treatment of periodontal diseases and post-extraction defects. The study was performed on 40 dogs. Dogs were qualified for the in vivo test: 2 study groups and 2 control groups (K1, K2) were created. Group G1 comprised 10 dogs diagnosed with periodontitis with 4-8 mm gingival pockets and mobility of mandibular/maxillary incisors. In order to avoid extraction, hydroxyapatite implantation into the bone pockets was performed. Group G2 comprised 10 dogs that required the extraction of maxillary canines, following which biomaterial was introduced into the post-extraction cavities. Control groups were performed without using of microporous hydroxyapatite. In group G1, animals displayed significant shallowing of gingival pockets. The mean depth of pockets was significantly reduced in those dogs and considerably better reconstruction of periodontal tissues was observed when compared to the control group K1. In group G2, significantly faster healing of bone cavities was stated when compared to the respective control group K2. The study confirmed the validity of using microporous hydroxyapatite granules and shaped blocks in reconstructive periodontal treatment as well as prevention of oronasal fistulas after canines extraction and facilitation of the post-extraction healing process.
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