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Choroby powiek - entropium i ektropium

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Entropium i Ektropium zaliczają się do powszechnie spotykanych przypadków okulistycznych u psów i kotów. Są przyczyną wielu poważnych powikłań, a nie leczone doprowadzić mogą do utraty wzroku. Prawidłowe rozpoznanie jest warunkiem zastosowania odpowiedniej procedury chirurgicznej, prowadzącej do pełnego wyleczenia.
In cases of glaucoma with elevated intra ocular pressure, the first objective of treatment is its reduction and normalization. In cases when excessive pressure has resulted in a loss of vision, the aim of treatment is to attenuate the pain and to improve the comfort of the patient. This paper presents a case of glaucoma secondary to anterior uveitis, resistant to pharmacological treatment. A gonioscopic examination in both eyes revealed a narrowed filtration angle. An ophthalmoscopic examination of the fundus showed partial retinal detachment. The cyclodialysis procedure was performed in both eyes. In the post-surgery period, intraocular pressure (IOP) in both eyes showed a downward tendency. The treatment of glaucoma secondary to anterior uveitis, particularly in its advanced state, often requires the combination of pharmacological treatment with a surgical procedure. Positive results in maintaining the patency of the fistula were observed after the application of a steroid therapy and a regular massage of filtration bleb, which significantly contributed to maintaining IOP at a desired level.
Angle-recession glaucoma, being a consequence of blunt injury of an eyeball, is likely to develop in both a short or very distant period. The likelihood of the incidence of that condition in the clinical form is determined by the extent of injuries of ciliary cleft structures, especially of a trabecular meshwork. The manuscript reports a case of an early glaucoma secondary to a blunt injury of an eyeball with symptoms of angle recession to 300° of periphery and intraocular pressure (IOP) at a level of 62 mmHg. The basic diagnostic examination that enables the evaluation of an angle, iris root and an opening to the ciliary cleft is gonioscopy. In case of a lack of response to the pharmacological reduction of IOP, a method of choice still remains a surgical procedure. In the reported case, a drainage procedure was applied in the form of implantation of the Ahmed valve prosthesis. Control tonometric examinations of the operated eye, performed over a 20-week period of postoperative management, demonstrated IOP at a level of 19 mmHg.
Discoloration of the feline iris belongs to the group of anomalies of various etiologies. In diagnosis, nevus pigmentosus, hyperpigmentation, heterochromia iridis and neoplasms have to be considered. Uveal neoplasms include diffuse iris melanoma (DIM) and primary iris and ciliary body melanoma as solid tumors. The paper presents a case of an 11-year-old male Persian cat with histologically diagnosed iris and ciliary body epithelial melanoma. The treatment of choice was enucleation. The morphologically and histologically described melanoma comprised characteristics of both uveal melanoma. The tumor consisted of anaplastic, round, hypopigmented cells with pleomorphic nuclei and prominent nucleoli and balloon-cells with hollow-spheres surrounding nuclei. No spindle-like melanocytes typical for eye primary melanoma were observed. The tumor caused a narrowing filtration angle and secondary glaucoma as well as wide choroid infiltration towards optic nerve papilla and retinal detachment. In the described case no metastasis or local recidivation was discerned.
The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness and safety of three laparoscopic techniques of kidney extraction - minilaparotomy, mechanical morcellation, and manual morcellation, in experimental transperitoneal laparoscopic nephrectomy in pigs. Laparoscopic surgery was performed in 12 pigs with body weight ranging from 20 to 30 kg. After two months of observation, post-mortem examinations revealed differences in the formation of peritoneal adhesions in three animal groups. This experimental part of the study should help optimising similar techniques in dogs.
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