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1
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Cardiovascular effects of the combination of levosimendan and valsartan in hypertensive Dahl/Rapp rats

100%
Biala A., Finckenberg P., Korpi A., Loytainen M., Martonen E., Levijoki J., Mervaala E.
Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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2011
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tom 62
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nr 3
Hypertension is the main risk factor for left ventricular hypertrophy and development of diastolic heart failure. There is no yet treatment, which can effectively reduce mortality in patients suffering from heart failure with preserved systolic function. We tested whether the calcium sensitizer levosimendan and the AT1-receptor antagonist valsartan could protect from salt-induced hypertension, cardiovascular mortality and heart failure in Dahl/Rapp salt-sensitive rats fed for 7 weeks with a high salt diet (8% NaCl). Levosimendan (1 mg/kg/day via drinking water) and valsartan (30 mg/kg in the food) monotherapies and their combination prevented mortality in Dahl/Rapp rats. The drug combination evoked an additive effect on blood pressure, cardiac hypertrophy, cardiomyocyte cross-sectional area, target organ damage and myocardial ANP mRNA expression. There was a close correlation between systolic blood pressure and cardiac hypertrophy, cardiac and renal damage. As compared to Dahl/Rapp controls kept on low-salt diet (NaCl 0.3%). The high salt rats exhibited impaired diastolic relaxation as assessed by isovolumic relaxation time. Levosimendan alone and in combination with valsartan, improved diastolic relaxation without significantly improving systolic function. Our findings are evidence for an additive effect between levosimendan and valsartan on blood pressure and a blood pressure- dependent protection against the development of salt-induced target organ damage. The present study also demonstrates that levosimendan, alone or in combination with valsartan, can correct diastolic dysfunction induced by salt-dependent hypertension.
2
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Long-term intake of milk peptides attenuates development of hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats

100%
Sipola M., Finckenberg P., Santisteban J., Korpela R., Vapaatalo H., Nurminen M. L.
Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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2001
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tom 52
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nr 4,2
Effect of long-term intake of isoleucine-proline-proline (IPP) and valine-proline-- proline (VPP), or a sour milk product containing these peptides on development of hypertension was investigated in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Six-week-old SHR were given: 1) water (control group), 2) IPP and VPP dissolved in water (peptide group) or 3) sour milk containing IPP and VPP (sour milk group) for 12 weeks. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was measured by tail-cuff method. Development of hypertension was attenuated in the groups receiving tripeptides or sour milk as compared to the control group. At the end of treatment period, SBP was 176 ± 1 mmHg in sour milk group, 181 ± 2 mmHg in peptide group, and 193 ± 1 mmHg in control group (P < 0.001). After treatment withdrawal, SBP rose gradually reaching the level of control group within four weeks’ follow-up. In functional bioassay of ACE inhibitory activity, effect of the tripeptides on angiotensin I or angiotensin II-induced contraction in rat mesenteric arteries was evaluated. IPP inhibited the angiotensin I -induced contraction, whereas the angiotensin II-induced contraction remained unaltered. In conclusion, long-term intake of IPP and VPP, or a sour milk containing these tripeptides attenuated the development of hypertension in SHR. One possible mechanism underlying this effect is ACE inhibition.
3
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Effects of calcium sensitizer OR-1896 on cardiovascular mortality and myocardial remodelling in hypertensive Dahl/Rapp rats

84%
Louhelainen M., Merasto S., Finckenberg P., Vahtola E., Kaheinen P., Leskinen H., Levijoki J., Pollesello P., Haikala H., Mervaala E. M. A.
Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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2009
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tom 60
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nr 3
41-47
Calcium-sensitizing agents have been shown to improve cardiac function in patients suffering from acute decompensated heart failure, however, their long-term effects on cardiac remodeling and cardiovascular mortality are still largely unknown. In the present study we tested the hypothesis whether OR-1896, an active and long-lasting metabolite of calcium sensitizer levosimendan, prevents cardiovascular mortality and hypertension-induced myocardial remodelling in salt-sensitive Dahl/Rapp rats. OR-1896 was given orally to Dahl/Rapp SS rats on high-salt diet (NaCl 7% w/w) for 7 weeks at two different doses (0.5 and 0.05 mg/kg). OR-1896 prevented salt-induced cardiovascular mortality (survival rate 75 % in OR-1896 treated groups vs 38 % in untreated controls, p<0.01), ameliorated cardiac hypertrophy and improved systolic functions of the heart without major influence on systemic blood pressure. OR-1896 also ameliorated salt-induced increase in cardiac ANP mRNA expression and plasma BNP level. Salt-induced cardiac remodelling was associated with 4-fold increase in cardiac p16INK4a mRNA expression, a marker of cellular senescence. OR-1896 dose-dependently ameliorated cardiomyocyte senescence. Our findings suggest a therapeutic role for OR-1896 in the prevention of cardiac remodelling in salt-sensitive forms of hypertension. The present study also underscores the importance of cellular senescence in the pathogenesis of salt-induced hypertensive heart disease.
4
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Vascular changes in cyclosporine A-induced hypertension and nephrotoxicity in spontaneously hypertensive rats on high-sodium diet

84%
Lassila M., Santisteban J., Finckenberg P., Salmenpera P., Riutta A., Moilanen E., Virtanen I., Vapaatalo H., Nurminen M. L.
Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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2001
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tom 52
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nr 1
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