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Micropropagation of a mature female Taxus cuspidata tree with paclitaxel and cephalomannine content in the needles of 457.6 μg g-1 DW and 340.9 μg g-1 DW, respectively, was elaborated using shoot tips as explants. A new yew clone derived from a seed of the mother plant was also obtained. Single shoots developed from shoot tips on WP mineral basal medium with B5 vitamins (WP-B5) supplemented with 20 mg l-1 BAP and 5 mg l-1 activated charcoal were propagated by 1 cm long segments cultured on hormone-free medium. When WP-B5 medium with 0.3 mg/l 2-iP and 0,1 mg/l IAA was used 92% of shoots rooted within three months. Paclitaxel content in shoots growing on solid medium and in a mist trickling bioreactor was 45.6–86.5 μg g-1 DW. Plantlets from in vitro culture, grown in pots contained 99.0–213.1 μg g-1 paclitaxel and 558.0 μg g-1 DW cephalomannine.
The size and reproduction ability of the three field populations of Carex secalina Willd. ex Wahlenb. have been assessed. In the parallel garden study selected traits from the life history of the species have been studied, such as age at first reproduction, fertility, the size of seeds, their germination ability and size of seedlings. The populations of C. secalina discovered in Poland in 2000 are characterised by small abundance and small area. All individuals from the three populations in the garden produced generative shoots in the third year of life. Statistically significant differences between the populations were found in the production of shoots with unisexual spikes and bisexual ones, the latter had not been reported in the hitherto literature on the species. The seeds started germinating after a 6-months rest. The first seedlings were observed in the first decade of May. The largest seedlings were noted in the population producing the smallest seeds. The results contribute to explaining the renewal of the populations of this species in the field.
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