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Allelopathic influence of common buckwheat root residues on selected weed species

100%

Szwed M., Wiczkowski W., Szawara-Nowak D., Obendorf R. L., Horbowicz M.

Acta Physiologiae Plantarum

2019

tom 41

nr 06

This study was conducted to determine if common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) root residues (BRR) in soil are effective in limiting the growth and metabolic responses of barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv.), wind grass (Apera spica-venti L.), cleavers (Galium aparine L.), and tiny vetch (Vicia hirsuta L.). After removal of above ground parts, BRR of 14-day-old buckwheat plants remained in soil for an additional 7 days when the weeds were seeded. After 30 days of growth, biomass of above ground parts of the weeds as well as free and bound phenolic acids and flavonoids were determined. Antioxidant capacity and peroxidase activity were measured in barnyard grass and cleavers. The biomass of 30-day-old plants of barnyard grass and cleavers grown in bare soil was approximately 5- and 3.5-fold higher, respectively, than in plants grown in the presence of BRR. BRR did not affect the biomass of wind grass and tiny vetch plants, but activate the antioxidant response, increase in peroxidase activity, and the content of phenolic compounds in weed tissues, which indicates an adaptation to the stressful environmental conditions.

Osmotic stress induces genes, enzymes and accumulation of galactinol, raffinose and stachyose in seedlings of pea (Pisum sativum L.)

100%

Pluskota W. E., Szablinska J., Obendorf R. L., Gorecki R., Lahuta L. B.

Acta Physiologiae Plantarum

2015

tom 37

nr 08

The objective of the present study was to recognize the molecular background of the accumulation of raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs) in pea (Pisum sativum L.) seedlings under osmotic stress conditions. The exposure of 5-day-old pea seedlings to osmotic stress for 48 h created by immersing roots in PEG8000 solution (-1.5 MPa) induced synthesis of galactinol and RFOs (raffinose and stachyose) in the epicotyl and root tissues, but not in cotyledons. After 24 h of recovery, galactinol completely disappeared, raffinose decreased fourfold and stachyose decreased twofold in roots, but increased in epicotyls. The temporary accumulation of RFOs resulted from a dramatic increase in the enzymatic activity and changes in expression of galactinol synthase (PsGolS), raffinose synthase (PsRS) and stachyose synthase (PsSTS) genes. PsGolS was induced by osmotic stress in both epicotyls as well as in roots. PsRS and PsSTS were induced only in epicotyls, but repressed or remained unaffected in roots, respectively. During recovery, the expression and activity of PsGolS, PsRS and PsSTS dramatically decreased. The expression of PsGolS gene, that level of mRNA transcript significantly decreased during recovery and whose promoter region was identified to contain some stress-related regulating elements, seems to play a crucial role in the biosynthesis of RFOs under osmotic stress. Possible signals that may trigger the induction of expression of PsGolS, PsRS and PsSTS genes and accumulation of RFOs in pea seedlings are discussed.

Ograniczanie wyników

2 Acta Physiologiae Plantarum

2 Obendorf R. L.

1 Gorecki R.

1 Horbowicz M.

1 Lahuta L. B.

1 Pluskota W. E.

1 Szablinska J.

1 Szawara-Nowak D.

1 Szwed M.

1 Wiczkowski W.

1 2019

1 2015

Wyniki wyszukiwania

Allelopathic influence of common buckwheat root residues on selected weed species

Osmotic stress induces genes, enzymes and accumulation of galactinol, raffinose and stachyose in seedlings of pea (Pisum sativum L.)