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A comparison between Pseudomonas aureofaciens (chlororaphis) and P. fluorescens in biological control of cotton seedling damping-off disease

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Samavat S., Heydari A., Zamanizadeh H. R., Rezaee S., Aliabadi A. A.
Journal of Plant Protection Research
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2014
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tom 54
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nr 2
Due to the importance of the biological control of plant diseases, testing and introducing new biocontrol-active microorganisms is a major concern among plant pathologists. The causal agent of cotton seedling damping-off disease is Rhizoctonia solani. In this regard, we tried to investigate the antagonistic activities of Pseudomonas aureofaciens (chlororaphis) 30–84 (phenazine producing wild type and non-phenazine producing mutant) strains on R. solani, in comparison with some isolates of P. fluorescent under both in vitro (laboratory) and in vivo (greenhouse) conditions. In the laboratory experiment, the inhibitory effects of all the bacteria, on the growth of R. solani, were evaluated using the dual culture procedure. Results showed that five isolates of P. fluorescent along with both strains of P. aureofaciens significantly inhibited the growth of R. solani. Effective bacterial antagonists were then evaluated in a greenhouse experiment where cotton seeds were coated with their suspensions and were sown in pasteurised field-soil. The soil had been pre-inoculated with a virulent isolate of R. solani. The efficacy of the bacterial antagonists was evaluated by counting the number of surviving seedlings in different treatments, at 15 and 60 days after sowing, for determining pre- and post-emergence damping-off incidence. According to the results of the greenhouse experiment, at both intervals, two isolates of P. fluorescens along with both strains of P. aureofaciens caused significant increases in the number of healthy seedlings, in comparison with the untreated control, and a commonly used fungicide (carboxin-thiram). The efficacy of phenazine producing a wild type strain of P. aureofaciens was higher than its non-phenazine producing mutant, indicating that phenazine plays an important role in the antagonistic activity of P. aureofaciens. Effective bacterial antagonists were then studied for their antagonistic mechanisms. The results showed that all four bacteria employed different mechanisms. The bacteria produced siderophore, and volatile metabolites and non-volatile metabolites, in their antagonistic activities. The results of this study suggest that P. auerofaciens may be a new biocontrol agent for controlling cotton seedling mortality disease.
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Application of new bioformulations of Pseudomonas aureofaciens for biocontrol of cotton seedling damping-off

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Samavat S., Heydari A., Zamanizadeh H. R., Rezaee S., Aliabadi A. A.
Journal of Plant Protection Research
|
2014
|
tom 54
|
nr 4
Pseudomonas aureofaciens (30-84) is a phenazine producing bacterium and reported as asuccessful biocontrol agent of some plant fungal pathogens. In the present study, the possibility of biological control of cotton damping-off caused by Rhizoctonia solani (AG-4) through phenazine production by the 30-84 strain, was investigated. In the search for the development of bioformulations of Pa (m) (PhzR–) and Pa (w) (PhzR+) strains of 30-84, four new carriers including soybean meal (SM), cottonseed meal (CM), rice bran (RB), and talc powder (TAL) were selected. The efficacy of bacterial formulations in reducing disease incidence was evaluated in four intervals (15, 30, 45, and 60 days after sowing), and compared with each bacterial suspension efficacy under green-house conditions. The results revealed that organic carriers were more effective than talc powder. It was also found that all the bioformulations were more efficient than each bacterial suspension. The most effective in reducing disease incidence was Pa (w) + RB. In contrast, Pa (m), Pa (m) + TAL, and Pa (m) + RB did not significantly suppress the disease in comparison with the infested control. Thus, phenazine production as a main biocontrol mechanism of P. aureofaciens (30-84) may be affected by the kind of carriers used for the bioformulation development.
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